구차니의 잡동사니 모음

조회로 인해 계산에서 중요한 문제가 발생하는 경우가 많습니다. 그러나 여러 가지 방법을 통해 조회 계산 시간을 줄일 수 있습니다. 정확히 일치 옵션을 사용하는 경우 함수 계산 시간은 일치하는 항목이 발견되기 전까지 검사하는 셀 수에 비례합니다. 넓은 범위를 조회하는 경우에는 이 시간이 매우 길어질 수 있습니다.

정렬된 데이터에 대해 VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP 및 MATCH의 유사 일치 옵션을 사용하면 조회 시간이 단축되며 조회 대상 범위의 길이에 따라 조회 시간이 크게 늘어나지 않습니다. 조회 특성은 이진 검색과 동일합니다. 

VLOOKUP과 INDEX 및 MATCH 또는 OFFSET 비교

VLOOKUP 대신 INDEX 및 MATCH 함수를 사용하십시오. VLOOKUP은 속도가 약간 빠르고(약 5% 더 빠름) 간편하며 MATCH와 INDEX 또는 OFFSET의 조합에 비해 메모리도 적게 사용합니다. 그러나 MATCH 및 INDEX는 VLOOKUP에 비해 유동적으로 사용할 수 있으므로 시간을 크게 절약할 수 있는 경우가 많습니다. 예를 들어 정확한 MATCH의 결과를 셀에 저장한 다음 여러 INDEX 문에서 다시 사용할 수 있습니다.

//=======================================================

//  Structural coding

//=======================================================

assign reset_n = 1'b1; 

You need change in Pin Planner:

DRAM_LDQM to DRAM_DQM[0]

DRAM_UDQM to DRAM_DQM[1]

and

DRAM_BA_0 to DRAM_BA[0]

DRAM_BA_1 to DRAM_BA[1]

And then, you can assign these pins to your Nios II as buses.

DRAM_DQM[1..0]

DRAM_BA[1..0]

You must do this because Nios II in SOPC Builder 9.1 SP2 has buses for these connections to the SDRAM  

Nios® II Boot from EPCQ or EPCS in Quartus® II 13.1

Workaround/Fix

3.      Make sure the Nios II’s Reset Vector is pointing at EPCS/EPCQ Controller. 

Nios II Processor Application Copied from EPCS Flash to RAM Using Boot Copier

The EPCS address space is not mapped into the Altera Avalon EPCS Flash Controller’s Avalon MM slaveinterface. Instead, read or write accesses are done through CSRs. Upon system reset, the EPCS device needs to be initialized before usage.

For these reasons, the EPCS controller-based boot copier is required for initializing the EPCS device and copying the Nios II application to RAM for execution.

The EPCS controller instantiates a block of boot ROM internally at its base address (offset 0x0, just before EPCS controller’s CSRs) for storing the boot copier. Nios II reset vector offset must set to EPCS controller base address, such that upon system reset the boot copier is executed first to initialize the EPCS controller and device.

오후 3:54 2018-02-04 53.53%

오후 4:05 2018-02-04 54.96%

오후 4:19 2018-02-04 56.69% 

오후 4:23 2018-02-04 57.15%

오후 6:21 2018-02-04 75.30% 

$ sudo -i

We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System

Administrator. It usually boils down to these three things:

    #1) Respect the privacy of others.

    #2) Think before you type.

    #3) With great power comes great responsibility.

Password:

# echo 200000 >> /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min

# cat /proc/sys/dev/raid/speed_limit_min

200000

# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4]

md2 : active raid1 sda3[0]

      3902196544 blocks super 1.2 [1/1] [U]

md3 : active raid1 sdb3[0]

      3902196544 blocks super 1.2 [1/1] [U]

md1 : active raid1 sdb2[1] sda2[0]

      2097088 blocks [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid1 sda1[0] sdb1[1]

      2490176 blocks [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none> 

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:39 - (정보) elf2flash: args = --input=D:/Download/DE0_NANO/software/hello_world_0/hello_world_0.elf --output=D:/Download/DE0_NANO/software/hello_world_0_bsp/flash/hello_world_0_epcs_flash_controller_0.flash --epcs --verbose

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:39 - (미세) elf2flash: Starting

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:39 - (보다 미세) elf2flash: Program Record: 3964 bytes destined for 0x4008000

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:39 - (보다 미세) elf2flash: Program Record: 724 bytes destined for 0x4009250

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:39 - (보다 미세) elf2flash: Start Record: 4008020

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:39 - (미세) elf2flash: Done

Info: Using cable "USB-Blaster [USB-0]", device 1, instance 0x00

Info: Resetting and pausing target processor: 

Info: OK

Info: Reading System ID at address 0x04012030: 

Info: verified

Info: Processor data bus width is 32 bits

Info: Looking for EPCS registers at address 0x04011000 (with 32bit alignment)

Info:   Initial values: 0001703A 04C00074 9801483A 9CFFF804 983FFD1E 0000203A

Info:   Not here: reserved fields are non-zero

Info: Looking for EPCS registers at address 0x04011100 (with 32bit alignment)

Info:   Initial values: 93000237 6300080C 603FFD26 90000335 A8000C26 03010004

Info:   Not here: reserved fields are non-zero

Info: Looking for EPCS registers at address 0x04011200 (with 32bit alignment)

Info:   Initial values: 02C02004 002EE03A 00000F06 90000335 4000683A 0017883A

Info:   Not here: reserved fields are non-zero

Info: Looking for EPCS registers at address 0x04011300 (with 32bit alignment)

Info:   Initial values: 003FD006 5280040C 501496FA 701CD07A 729CB03A 843FFFC4

Info:   Not here: reserved fields are non-zero

Info: Looking for EPCS registers at address 0x04011400 (with 32bit alignment)

Info:   Initial values: 00000000 00000000 00000260 00000000 00000000 00000001

Info:   Valid registers found

Info: EPCS signature is 0x16

Info: EPCS identifier is 0x010216

Info: Leaving target processor paused

Error: No EPCS layout data - looking for section [EPCS-010216]

Error: Unable to use EPCS device

Error: Error code: 8 for command: nios2-flash-programmer "D:/Download/DE0_NANO/software/hello_world_0_bsp/flash/hello_world_0_epcs_flash_controller_0.flash" --base=0x4011000 --epcs --sidp=0x4012030 --id=0x0 --timestamp=1517632677 --device=1 --instance=0 '--cable=USB-Blaster on localhost [USB-0]' --program --verbose 

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:52 - (정보) elf2flash: args = --input=D:/Download/DE0_NANO/software/hello_world_0/hello_world_0.elf --output=D:/Download/DE0_NANO/software/hello_world_0_bsp/flash/hello_world_0_epcs_flash_controller_0.flash --epcs --verbose

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:52 - (미세) elf2flash: Starting

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:52 - (보다 미세) elf2flash: Program Record: 3964 bytes destined for 0x4008000

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:52 - (보다 미세) elf2flash: Program Record: 724 bytes destined for 0x4009250

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:52 - (보다 미세) elf2flash: Start Record: 4008020

Info: 2018. 2. 3 오후 1:47:52 - (미세) elf2flash: Done

Info: Using cable "USB-Blaster [USB-0]", device 1, instance 0x00

Info: Resetting and pausing target processor: 

Info: OK

Info: Reading System ID at address 0x04012030: 

Info: verified

Info: Processor data bus width is 32 bits

Info: Looking for EPCS registers at address 0x04011000 (with 32bit alignment)

Info:   Initial values: 0001703A 04C00074 9801483A 9CFFF804 983FFD1E 0000203A

Info:   Not here: reserved fields are non-zero

Info: Looking for EPCS registers at address 0x04011100 (with 32bit alignment)

Info:   Initial values: 93000237 6300080C 603FFD26 90000335 A8000C26 03010004

Info:   Not here: reserved fields are non-zero

Info: Looking for EPCS registers at address 0x04011200 (with 32bit alignment)

Info:   Initial values: 02C02004 002EE03A 00000F06 90000335 4000683A 0017883A

Info:   Not here: reserved fields are non-zero

Info: Looking for EPCS registers at address 0x04011300 (with 32bit alignment)

Info:   Initial values: 003FD006 5280040C 501496FA 701CD07A 729CB03A 843FFFC4

Info:   Not here: reserved fields are non-zero

Info: Looking for EPCS registers at address 0x04011400 (with 32bit alignment)

Info:   Initial values: 00000016 00000016 00000260 00000000 00000016 00000001

Info:   Not here: reserved fields are non-zero

Info: Leaving target processor paused

Error: No EPCS registers found: tried looking at addresses    

Error:  0x04011000,

Error:  0x04011100,

Error:  0x04011200,

Error:  0x04011300 and

Error:  0x04011400

Error: Error code: 8 for command: nios2-flash-programmer "D:/Download/DE0_NANO/software/hello_world_0_bsp/flash/hello_world_0_epcs_flash_controller_0.flash" --base=0x4011000 --epcs --sidp=0x4012030 --id=0x0 --timestamp=1517632677 --device=1 --instance=0 '--cable=USB-Blaster on localhost [USB-0]' --program --verbose 

B.5 "No EPCS Registers Found" Error

When you run the flash programmer to program an EPCS device, you get the error:

"No EPCS registers found: tried looking at addresses...."

B.5.1 Probable Cause

The flash programmer can connect with a Nios II JTAG debug module in the FPGA, but it cannot successfully find an EPCS device located at the specified base address.

>> 플래시 프로그래머는 FPGA의 Nios II JTAG 디버그 모듈과 연결할 수 있지만, 지정된 base address에서 EPCS 장치를 발견하는데 성공하지 못했다.

B.5.2 Suggested Actions

• Reconfigure the FPGA with a valid target design via JTAG using the Intel Quartus Prime programmer. If the FPGA is configured by another method, such as by a configuration controller, the pins that connect to the EPCS device might be disabled.

>> 쿼터스 프로그래머를 이용해 JTAG으로 FPGA를 재설정하라. 만약에 FPGA가 configuration controller 와 같은 다른 방법으로 설정된다면 EPCS 장치와 연결되는 핀들이 비활성화 되었을 수 도 있다.

• If you are using quartus_pgm --nios2 from the command line, ensure you specified the correct base address for your EPCS device. You can find the flash memory's base address in Platform Designer.

>> 커맨드 라인에서 quartus_pgm --nios2 을 사용한다면, EPCS 장치에 올바른 base address가 지정되었다 확인하라. Platform Deisigner의 플래시 장치에서 base address를 찾을 수 있다.

• Ensure that the EPCS device is correctly connected to the FPGA on the board. Verify the EPCS connection by running the "Test EPCS" routine in the "Memory Test" software template provided by the Nios II EDS. If the test fails, there is a problem with your memory connection. There are two places to look for the problem:

>> EPCS가 FPGA 보드에 정상적으로 연결되었는지 확인하라. Nios II EDS에 소프트웨어 템플릿으로 제공된 "Memory Test"안의 "Test EPCS"를 실행함으로서 EPCS 연결을 확인하라.

— The physical connection on your target board

— The pin assignments on the top-level FPGA design

• Use the Intel Quartus Prime Programmer to program the EPCS device directly via a JTAG download cable, and verify that the EPCS device successfully configures the FPGA.

• Run quartus_pgm --nios2 from the command line with the --epcs parameter. This command displays information about the flash memory in the EPCS device. For more information, refer to the "Using the Flash Programmer from the Command Line" chapter.

Related Links

Using the Flash Programmer from the Command Line on page 16

Using cable "USB-Blaster [USB-0]", device 1, instance 0x00

Resetting and pausing target processor: OK

Reading System ID at address 0x04012030: verified

Initializing CPU cache (if present)

OK

Downloading 02000000 ( 0%)

Downloading 02010000 (49%)

Downloading 020200A0 (94%)

Downloading 04008000 (99%)

Downloaded 129KB in 1.9s (67.8KB/s)

Verifying 02000000 ( 0%)

Verify failed between address 0x2000000 and 0x200FFFF

Leaving target processor paused

Downloading ELF Process failed 

My problem is resolved now, I just changed the clock source of the EPCS CONTROLLER. The clock was driven from the system clock using a CLOCK BRIDGE.

Now, the clock is driven from a PLL OUTPUT ( the system and the EPCS CONTROLLER clocks are now independent).

Thank you Daixiwen & dsl for helping me.