구차니의 잡동사니 모음

$ wget ftp://ftp.mrunix.net/pub/webalizer/geodb/geodb-latest.tgz

$ tar -xvf geodb-latest.tgz

$ sudo mkdir /usr/share/GeoDB

$ sudo mv GeoDB.dat /usr/share/GeoDB/

$ sudo vi /etc/webalizer/webalizer.conf

GeoDB           yes

GeoDBDatabase   /usr/share/GeoDB/GeoDB.dat 

$ sudo webalizer 

7a. Why does the country section show only 100% unresolved?

Most likely because your web server is not doing name lookups and simply logging IP addresses. In order to determine the top level domain of the remote site, the program needs a resolved hostname, not an IP address. The simple fix is to just turn on name lookups on your web server so it starts logging names. Otherwise, you can pre-process your logs with something like the logresolve program supplied with apache or similar utilities, or you can use the Webalizers built in DNS lookup code (see 7b below). Another alternative is to enable the geolocation services, which will lookup the geographic location of IP addresses. You can use either the Webalizers native geolocation support (GeoDB) which supports both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, or optionally, GeoIP support from MaxMind Inc. While geolocation support will give you accurate country information, other aspects of the analysis may suffer, such as search string analysis (which depends on resolved hostnames to identify the various search engines).

7b. My Server doesn't do name lookups. Will The Webalizer?

Yes. The Webalizer fully supports both IPv4 and IPv6 reverse DNS lookup support. See the DNS.README file for additional information. If you don't enable hostname lookups on your web server, or use the geolocation services provided by The Webalizer, you will get '100% Unresolved/Unknown' country totals. This is because your log files only have IP addresses and not names. While it is recommended that you let your web server handle the DNS lookups, DNS support can be used for those sites where DNS resolution is not an option.

The webalizer has the ability to perform reverse DNS lookups,  and

fully supports both IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes.  This document

attempts to explain how it works, and some things that you should be

aware of when using the DNS lookup features.

Note: The Reverse DNS feature may be enabled or disabled at compile

      time.  DNS lookup code is enabled by default.  You can run The

      Webalizer using the '-vV' command line options to determine what

      options are enabled in the version you are using. 

$ webalizer -vV

Webalizer V2.23-08 (Linux 4.4.38-v7+ armv7l) locale

Copyright 1997-2013 by Bradford L. Barrett

Mod date: 26-Aug-2013  Options: DNS/GeoDB GeoIP

Default GeoDB dir : /usr/share/GeoDB

Default config dir: /etc/webalizer

# The GeoIP option enables or disables the use of geolocation

# services provided by the GeoIP library (http://www.maxmind.com),

# if available.  Values may be 'yes' or 'no, with 'no' being the

# default.  Note: if GeoDB is enabled, then this option will have

# no effect (GeoDB will be used regardless of this setting).

#GeoIP no

# GeoIPDatabase specifies an alternate database filename to use by the

# GeoIP library.  If an absolute path is not given as part of the name

# (ie: starts with a leading '/'), then the name is relative to the

# default output directory. This option should not normally be needed.

#GeoIPDatabase /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat 

$ apt-file search GeoIP

geoip-database: /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat

geoip-database: /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPv6.dat

geoip-database-contrib: /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat

geoip-database-contrib: /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPASNum.dat

geoip-database-contrib: /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPASNumv6.dat

geoip-database-contrib: /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPv6.dat

geoip-database-contrib: /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoLiteCity.dat

geoip-database-contrib: /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoLiteCityv6.dat

geoip-database-extra: /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPASNum.dat

geoip-database-extra: /usr/share/GeoIP/GeoIPCity.dat 

GET /bin/login?User=Peter+Lee&pw=123456&action=login HTTP/1.1

Host: 127.0.0.1:8000 

POST /bin/login HTTP/1.1

Host: 127.0.0.1:8000

Accept: image/gif, image/jpeg, */*

Referer: http://127.0.0.1:8000/login.html

Accept-Language: en-us

Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1)

Content-Length: 37

Connection: Keep-Alive

Cache-Control: no-cache

User=Peter+Lee&pw=123456&action=login 

/test/demo_form.asp?name1=value1&name2=value2

POST /test/demo_form.asp HTTP/1.1

Host: w3schools.com

name1=value1&name2=value2 

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24  2월  5 12:43 /usr/bin/mpirun -> /etc/alternatives/mpirun*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 25  2월  5 12:43 /usr/bin/mpiexec -> /etc/alternatives/mpiexec*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21  2월  5 12:43 /etc/alternatives/mpirun -> /usr/bin/mpirun.mpich*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 22  2월  5 12:43 /etc/alternatives/mpiexec -> /usr/bin/mpiexec.mpich* 

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13  2월  7  2016 /usr/bin/mpirun.mpich -> mpiexec.hydra*

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13  2월  7  2016 /usr/bin/mpiexec.mpich -> mpiexec.hydra*

$ mpiexec --help

Usage: ./mpiexec [global opts] [local opts for exec1] [exec1] [exec1 args] : [local opts for exec2] [exec2] [exec2 args] : ...

Global options (passed to all executables):

  Global environment options:

    -genv {name} {value}             environment variable name and value

    -genvlist {env1,env2,...}        environment variable list to pass

    -genvnone                        do not pass any environment variables

    -genvall                         pass all environment variables not managed

                                          by the launcher (default)

  Other global options:

    -f {name}                        file containing the host names 

ub3:4  # this will spawn 4 processes on ub3

ub2:2  # this will spawn 2 processes on ub2

ub1    # this will spawn 1 process on ub1

ub0    # this will spawn 1 process on ub0 

$ mpiexec -info

HYDRA build details:

    Version:                                 3.2

    Release Date:                            Wed Nov 11 22:06:48 CST 2015

    CC:                              gcc   -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro 

    CXX:                             g++   -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro 

    F77:                             gfortran  -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro 

    F90:                             gfortran  -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro 

    Configure options:                       '--disable-option-checking' '--prefix=/usr' '--build=arm-linux-gnueabihf' '--includedir=${prefix}/include' '--mandir=${prefix}/share/man' '--infodir=${prefix}/share/info' '--sysconfdir=/etc' '--localstatedir=/var' '--disable-silent-rules' '--libdir=${prefix}/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf' '--libexecdir=${prefix}/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf' '--disable-maintainer-mode' '--disable-dependency-tracking' '--enable-shared' '--enable-fortran=all' '--disable-rpath' '--disable-wrapper-rpath' '--sysconfdir=/etc/mpich' '--libdir=/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf' '--includedir=/usr/include/mpich' '--docdir=/usr/share/doc/mpich' '--with-hwloc-prefix=system' 'CPPFLAGS= -Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -I/build/mpich-52KREu/mpich-3.2/src/mpl/include -I/build/mpich-52KREu/mpich-3.2/src/mpl/include -I/build/mpich-52KREu/mpich-3.2/src/openpa/src -I/build/mpich-52KREu/mpich-3.2/src/openpa/src -D_REENTRANT -I/build/mpich-52KREu/mpich-3.2/src/mpi/romio/include' 'CFLAGS= -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -O2' 'CXXFLAGS= -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -O2' 'FFLAGS= -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -O2' 'FCFLAGS= -g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -O2' 'build_alias=arm-linux-gnueabihf' 'MPICHLIB_CFLAGS=-g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security' 'MPICHLIB_CPPFLAGS=-Wdate-time -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2' 'MPICHLIB_CXXFLAGS=-g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security' 'MPICHLIB_FFLAGS=-g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong' 'MPICHLIB_FCFLAGS=-g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong' 'LDFLAGS=-Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro' 'FC=gfortran' 'F77=gfortran' 'MPILIBNAME=mpich' '--cache-file=/dev/null' '--srcdir=.' 'CC=gcc' 'LIBS=-lpthread '

    Process Manager:                         pmi

    Launchers available:                     ssh rsh fork slurm ll lsf sge manual persist

    Topology libraries available:            hwloc

    Resource management kernels available:   user slurm ll lsf sge pbs cobalt

    Checkpointing libraries available:       blcr

    Demux engines available:                 poll select 

$ sudo apt-cache search openmpi

gromacs-openmpi - Molecular dynamics sim, binaries for OpenMPI parallelization

libblacs-openmpi1 - Basic Linear Algebra Comm. Subprograms - Shared libs. for OpenMPI

libhdf5-openmpi-8 - Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) - runtime files - OpenMPI version

libhdf5-openmpi-8-dbg - Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) - OpenMPI Debug package

libhdf5-openmpi-dev - Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) - development files - OpenMPI version

libmeep-lam4-7 - library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmeep-lam4-dev - development library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmeep-mpi-default-dev - development library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmeep-mpi-default7 - library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmeep-mpich2-7 - library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmeep-mpich2-dev - development library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmeep-openmpi-dev - development library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmeep-openmpi7 - library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libopenmpi-dev - high performance message passing library -- header files

libopenmpi1.6 - high performance message passing library -- shared library

libopenmpi1.6-dbg - high performance message passing library -- debug library

libscalapack-openmpi1 - Scalable Linear Algebra Package - Shared libs. for OpenMPI

meep-lam4 - software package for FDTD simulation, parallel (OpenMPI) version

meep-mpi-default - software package for FDTD simulation, parallel (OpenMPI) version

meep-mpich2 - software package for FDTD simulation, parallel (OpenMPI) version

meep-openmpi - software package for FDTD simulation, parallel (OpenMPI) version

mpqc-openmpi - Massively Parallel Quantum Chemistry Program (OpenMPI transitional package)

netpipe-openmpi - Network performance tool using OpenMPI

octave-openmpi-ext - Transitional package for parallel computing in Octave using MPI

openmpi-bin - high performance message passing library -- binaries

openmpi-checkpoint - high performance message passing library -- checkpoint support

openmpi-common - high performance message passing library -- common files

openmpi-doc - high performance message passing library -- man pages

openmpi1.6-common - high performance message passing library -- common files

openmpi1.6-doc - high performance message passing library -- man pages

openmpipython - MPI-enhanced Python interpreter (OpenMPI based version)

yorick-full - full installation of the Yorick interpreter and add-ons

yorick-mpy-openmpi - Message Passing Yorick (OpenMPI build) 

$ sudo apt-cache search mpich

gromacs-mpich - Molecular dynamics sim, binaries for MPICH parallelization

libhdf5-mpich-8 - Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) - runtime files - MPICH2 version

libhdf5-mpich-8-dbg - Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) - Mpich Debug package

libhdf5-mpich-dev - Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) - development files - MPICH version

libhdf5-mpich2-dev - Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) - development files - MPICH version

libmeep-mpi-default-dev - development library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmeep-mpi-default7 - library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmeep-mpich2-7 - library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmeep-mpich2-dev - development library for using parallel (OpenMPI) version of meep

libmpich-dev - Development files for MPICH

libmpich12 - Shared libraries for MPICH

libmpich2-3 - Shared libraries for MPICH2

libmpich2-dev - Transitional dummy package for MPICH development files

libmpl-dev - Development files for mpl part of MPICH

libmpl1 - Shared libraries for mpl part of MPICH

libopa-dev - Development files for opa part of MPICH

libopa1 - Shared libraries for opa part of MPICH

libscalapack-mpi-dev - Scalable Linear Algebra Package - Dev. files for MPICH

meep-mpi-default - software package for FDTD simulation, parallel (OpenMPI) version

meep-mpich2 - software package for FDTD simulation, parallel (OpenMPI) version

mpb-mpi - MIT Photonic-Bands, parallel (mpich) version

mpi-default-bin - Standard MPI runtime programs (metapackage)

mpi-default-dev - Standard MPI development files (metapackage)

mpich - Implementation of the MPI Message Passing Interface standard

mpich-doc - Documentation for MPICH

mpich2 - Transitional dummy package

mpich2-doc - Transitional dummy package for MPICH documentation

mpich2python - MPI-enhanced Python interpreter (MPICH2 based version)

netpipe-mpich2 - Network performance tool using MPICH2 MPI

scalapack-mpi-test - Scalable Linear Algebra Package - Test files for MPICH

scalapack-test-common - Test data for ScaLAPACK testers

yorick-full - full installation of the Yorick interpreter and add-ons

yorick-mpy-mpich2 - Message Passing Yorick (MPICH2 build)

$ sudo apt-cache search mpirun

lam-runtime - LAM runtime environment for executing parallel programs

mpi-default-bin - Standard MPI runtime programs (metapackage) 

$ sudo apt-get install libcr-dev mpich2 mpich2-doc 

$ sudo apt-get install mpich

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

The following extra packages will be installed:

  gfortran gfortran-4.9 hwloc-nox libcr0 libgfortran-4.9-dev libhwloc-plugins

  libhwloc5 libmpich-dev libmpich12 libmpl-dev libmpl1 libopa-dev libopa1

  ocl-icd-libopencl1

Suggested packages:

  gfortran-doc gfortran-4.9-doc libgfortran3-dbg blcr-dkms

  libhwloc-contrib-plugins blcr-util mpich-doc opencl-icd

The following NEW packages will be installed:

  gfortran gfortran-4.9 hwloc-nox libcr0 libgfortran-4.9-dev libhwloc-plugins

  libhwloc5 libmpich-dev libmpich12 libmpl-dev libmpl1 libopa-dev libopa1

  mpich ocl-icd-libopencl1

0 upgraded, 15 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.

Need to get 6,879 kB of archives.

After this operation, 25.5 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] 

$ sudo apt-get install mpich2

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

The following extra packages will be installed:

  gfortran gfortran-4.9 hwloc-nox libcr0 libgfortran-4.9-dev libhwloc-plugins

  libhwloc5 libmpich-dev libmpich12 libmpl-dev libmpl1 libopa-dev libopa1

  mpich ocl-icd-libopencl1

Suggested packages:

  gfortran-doc gfortran-4.9-doc libgfortran3-dbg blcr-dkms

  libhwloc-contrib-plugins blcr-util mpich-doc opencl-icd

The following NEW packages will be installed:

  gfortran gfortran-4.9 hwloc-nox libcr0 libgfortran-4.9-dev libhwloc-plugins

  libhwloc5 libmpich-dev libmpich12 libmpl-dev libmpl1 libopa-dev libopa1

  mpich mpich2 ocl-icd-libopencl1

0 upgraded, 16 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.

Need to get 6,905 kB of archives.

After this operation, 25.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

$ mpirun

[mpiexec@raspberrypi] set_default_values (ui/mpich/utils.c:1528): no executable provided

[mpiexec@raspberrypi] HYD_uii_mpx_get_parameters (ui/mpich/utils.c:1739): setting default values failed

[mpiexec@raspberrypi] main (ui/mpich/mpiexec.c:153): error parsing parameters 

$ mpicc mpi.c -o hello

$ mpirun -np 2 ./hello

Hello world from process 0 of 2

Hello world from process 1 of 2 

$ mpirun --help

Usage: ./mpiexec [global opts] [local opts for exec1] [exec1] [exec1 args] : [local opts for exec2] [exec2] [exec2 args] : ...

Global options (passed to all executables):

  Global environment options:

    -genv {name} {value}             environment variable name and value

    -genvlist {env1,env2,...}        environment variable list to pass

    -genvnone                        do not pass any environment variables

    -genvall                         pass all environment variables not managed

                                          by the launcher (default)

  Other global options:

    -f {name}                        file containing the host names

    -hosts {host list}               comma separated host list

    -wdir {dirname}                  working directory to use

    -configfile {name}               config file containing MPMD launch options

Local options (passed to individual executables):

  Local environment options:

    -env {name} {value}              environment variable name and value

    -envlist {env1,env2,...}         environment variable list to pass

    -envnone                         do not pass any environment variables

    -envall                          pass all environment variables (default)

  Other local options:

    -n/-np {value}                   number of processes

    {exec_name} {args}               executable name and arguments

Hydra specific options (treated as global):

  Launch options:

    -launcher                        launcher to use (ssh rsh fork slurm ll lsf sge manual persist)

    -launcher-exec                   executable to use to launch processes

    -enable-x/-disable-x             enable or disable X forwarding

  Resource management kernel options:

    -rmk                             resource management kernel to use (user slurm ll lsf sge pbs cobalt)

  Processor topology options:

    -topolib                         processor topology library (hwloc)

    -bind-to                         process binding

    -map-by                          process mapping

    -membind                         memory binding policy

  Checkpoint/Restart options:

    -ckpoint-interval                checkpoint interval

    -ckpoint-prefix                  checkpoint file prefix

    -ckpoint-num                     checkpoint number to restart

    -ckpointlib                      checkpointing library (blcr)

  Demux engine options:

    -demux                           demux engine (poll select)

  Other Hydra options:

    -verbose                         verbose mode

    -info                            build information

    -print-all-exitcodes             print exit codes of all processes

    -iface                           network interface to use

    -ppn                             processes per node

    -profile                         turn on internal profiling

    -prepend-rank                    prepend rank to output

    -prepend-pattern                 prepend pattern to output

    -outfile-pattern                 direct stdout to file

    -errfile-pattern                 direct stderr to file

    -nameserver                      name server information (host:port format)

    -disable-auto-cleanup            don't cleanup processes on error

    -disable-hostname-propagation    let MPICH auto-detect the hostname

    -order-nodes                     order nodes as ascending/descending cores

    -localhost                       local hostname for the launching node

    -usize                           universe size (SYSTEM, INFINITE, <value>)

Please see the intructions provided at

http://wiki.mpich.org/mpich/index.php/Using_the_Hydra_Process_Manager

for further details