Putty를 사용한 SSH X11 Forwarding은 상당히 유용하지만,
Gnome이나 KDE 같은 윈도우 매니저를 한번에 끌어 올때에는 아름답지 못한 결과를 보여준다.
기본 실행옵션인 -multiwindow로 gnome-session을 실행한 결과
Xming이나 cygwin/X의 경우 기본 실행 옵션이 -multiwindow로 실행되기 때문에
위와 같이 각 윈도우 별로 MS windows(TM)의 윈도우창이 붙게 된다. 그런 이유로 상단의 흰 줄은
Gnome Panel이 떠야 함에도 불구하고 제대로 뜨지 못하는 문제를 보여준다.
그리고 작업표시줄에도 윈도우 별로 별도의 창들이 떠있음을 볼 수 있다.
이를 해결 하기 위해서는
Xwindow 구동 방식옵션을 바꾸어 주어야 하는데,
옵션을 살펴보면 아래와 같이 -multiwindow 외에 -fullscreen 이라는 녀석이 존재한다.
[-fullscreen [-depth depth_in_bits_per_pixel ] [-refresh refresh_rate_in_herz ] ]
● The -fullscreen parameter tells Cygwin/X to open a given screen in fullscreen mode.
● The -depth parameter can only be used with -fullscreen and a DirectDraw based engine to specify the display depth that should be used for the fullscreen Cygwin/X screen.
● The -refresh parameter can only be used with -fullscreen and a DirectDraw based engine to specify the refresh rate that should be used for the fullscreen Cygwin/X screen.
[-multiwindow]
● Start the integrated Windows-based window manager, which launches each top-level X window in its own Windows window. Not to be used together with -rootless nor -fullscreen.
아무튼 multiwindow에서 fullscreen으로 옵션을 바꾸어서 실행하면 아래와 같이 나오게 된다.
아쉽게도, 한번에 창을 잡을수가 없어 윈도우 작업표시줄은 윈도우에서, Gnome 화면은 리눅스에서 잡았다.
아무튼 작업표시줄에 나타난 프로그램도 Xming 하나로 하나의 윈도우를 그대로 끌어 오게 되고,
Xwindow 화면 역시 깔끔하게 위의 Gnome-Panel도 제대로 나오게 된다. (참 쉽죠~?)
참고사항 : 이렇게 구동한 윈도우매니저는 shutdown 시에 gnome-session만 종료를 한다.
다르게 말하자면, 윈도우만 종료되지 컴퓨터 자체가 종료되진 않는다.
If you use the startx command for starting up the X Window System, you'll need to edit a file called .xinitrc
that is located in your home directory. If the file already is there,
just open it with your favorite text editor. If you don't have such a
file in your home directory, create a new file with that name. Note the
dot in the file name - it shows you that the file is a hidden file and
doesn't show when you do a normal directory listing.
If you already have a .xinitrc
file in your home directory, it may be a huge scary-looking text file
with a lot of text that makes just as much sense as a file produced
with a random number generator and encrypted after writing. If you want
to make a backup of this file, rename it to something like .xinitrc.backup or whatever you wish: mv .xinitrc .xinitrc.backup
Now you can use your text editor for creating a new, blank .xinitrc
file. Although the file may be a complicated multi-line geeky script,
it can be very simple, too. In its simplest it just contains a single
line with the name of your new window manager. So, add a line like this
to your file: exec windowmanager
where windowmanager
is the command that starts the window manager you want to be your
default. For example, to make Window Maker your default window manager,
you'd have a line like this: exec wmaker
The commands for starting some popular window managers and desktop environments are:
KDE = startkde
Gnome = gnome-session
Blackbox = blackbox
FVWM = fvwm (or, for FVWM2 it's fvwm2, surprise)
Window Maker = wmaker
IceWM = icewm
After editing the .xinitrc file, save your changes. The next time you do a startx, the new window manager will be your default.
startx 라고 하면 리눅스에서 Xwindow가 구동이 되는데
어떠한 원리로 KDE나 Gnome 혹은 그 외의 윈도우 매니저가 선택이 되는지 궁금해서 찾아보게 되었지만
실제로 얻어낸 정보는 KDE 실행 파일이름(혹은 스크립트) Gnome 실행 파일이름 뿐이다..
]$ startx
xauth: creating new authority file /home/morpheuz/.serverauth.3128
X.Org X Server 1.4.99.901 (1.5.0 RC 1)
Release Date: 5 September 2007
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
Build Operating System: Linux 2.6.18-53.1.14.el5xen i686
Current Operating System: Linux localhost.localdomain 2.6.25-14.fc9.i686 #1 SMP Thu May 1 06:28:41 EDT 2008 i686
Build Date: 06 May 2008 03:35:07PM
Build ID: xorg-x11-server 1.4.99.901-29.20080415.fc9
Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org
to make sure that you have the latest version.
Module Loader present
Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
(==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Mon Apr 13 00:10:44 2009
(==) Using config file: "/etc/X11/xorg.conf"
(EE) Failed to initialize GLX extension (NVIDIA X driver not found)
expected keysym, got XF86Info: line 914 of inet
expected keysym, got XF86Info: line 914 of inet
Started none SESSION_MANAGER=local/unix:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/3316,unix/unix:/tmp/.ICE-unix/3316
** Message: another SSH agent is running at: /tmp/ssh-cwskYs3316/agent.3316
Window manager warning: Failed to read saved session file /home/morpheuz/.metacity/sessions/default1.ms: Failed to open file '/home/morpheuz/.metacity/sessions/default1.ms': No such file or directory
Failure: Module initalization failed
** (nm-applet:3382): WARNING **: <WARN> applet_dbus_manager_start_service(): Could not acquire the NetworkManagerUserSettings service.
Message: 'Connection ":1.102" is not allowed to own the service "org.freedesktop.NetworkManagerUserSettings" due to security policies in the configuration file'
(nm-applet:3382): GLib-GObject-CRITICAL **: g_object_unref: assertion `G_IS_OBJECT (object)' failed
system-config-printer-applet: failed to start NewPrinterNotification service
** (nautilus:3343): WARNING **: Unable to add monitor: Not supported
XLaunch XDMCP settings
XDMCP settings
Settings for the XDMCP mode. This mode is the most problematic, is not secure, and usually requires altering of the remote machine's settings. The XDMCP protocol will send and receive data on port 177/UDP. But the actual connections will be made to the local port 6000+n /TCP, where n is the display number.
Connect to host
Enables XDMCP and sends 'Query' UDP packets to the specified host.
If you are having problems use Wireshark or equivalent to monitor UDP traffic on the remote host and look for the sequence 'Query' 177/UDP, 'Willing' x/UDP, 'Request' 177/UDP, 'Accept' x/UDP, 'Manage' 177/UDP and see where it stops. If it gets through the sequence then test with local and remote 'xeyes' in multiwindow mode, because the Display Manager acts just like an X client from then on in to provide its login window.
Use indirect connect
Enables XDMCP and sends 'IndirectQuery' packets to the specified host. This host presents a chooser box of several hosts or sends 'ForwardQuery' to another host depending on how it's X Display Manager is configured (via Xaccess file entries).
Search for hosts (broadcast)
Enables XDMCP and broadcasts 'BroadcastQuery' packets to the network. The first responding display manager will be chosen for the session.
XDMCP remote settings
A quick guide to setting insecure XDMCP mode on a remote machine running kdm, gdm, xdm or wdm...
On the remote *nix machine edit the following files, restart the X Display Manager and run at 'init 5'.
Edit the file Xaccess (each Display Manager has its own). Make sure you have a line like this that is uncommented.
* #any host can get a login window
Edit the X Display Manager config file (kdmrc, gdm.config, xdm-config or wdm-config) and change
[Xdmcp]
Enable=false (may be shown as 0 in some distributions)
to
[Xdmcp]
Enable=true (or 1 in some distributions)
or for a xdm style configuration
DisplayManager.requestPort: 0
to !DisplayManager.requestPort: 0
출처 : XLaunch Wizard help for Xming - XLaunch XDMCP settings 항목
colinux는 User-level kernel로 완전한 시스템을 운영할 수 있게 합니다.
일단 colinux는 kernel와 linux 배포판 이미지로 나누어져 다운로드 받을 수 있으며
아래의 coLinux-stable은 colinux kernel 및 실행 프로그램
그리고 아래의 Images는 각 linux 배포판 root filesystem 입니다.
FC10 기준 인스톨러는 150M 정도이지만, RAR 압축을 해제 하고 나면 4기가 정도의 용량을 차지 합니다.
(이런 놀라운 압축력!)