The B-L072Z-LRWAN1 LoRa®/Sigfox™ Discovery kit is a development tool to learn and develop solutions based on LoRa®, Sigfox™, and FSK/OOK technologies. This Discovery kit features the all-in-one CMWX1ZZABZ-091 open module by Murata. The module is powered by an STM32L072CZ microcontroller and SX1276 transceiver. The transceiver features the LoRa® long-range modem, providing ultra-long-range spread-spectrum communication and high interference immunity, minimizing current consumption. Since CMWX1ZZABZ-091 is an open module, the user has access to all STM32L072CZ peripherals such as ADC, 16-bit timer, LP-UART, I2C, SPI, and USB 2.0 FS (supporting BCD and LPM).
The I-CUBE-LRWAN Expansion Package consists of a set of libraries and application examples for STM32L0 Series, STM32L1 Series, and STM32L4 Series microcontrollers acting as end devices. This package supports the Semtech LoRa®radio expansion boards SX1276MB1MAS, SX1276MB1LAS, SX1272MB2DAS, and the new generation sx126x mounted on SX1262DVK1DAS, SX1262DVK1CAS, and SX1262DVK1BAS.
End devices in a LoRaWAN network come in three classes: Class A, Class B and Class C. While end devices can always send uplinks at will, the device’s class determines when it can receive downlinks. The class also determines a device’s energy efficiency. The more energy efficient a device, the longer the battery life.
All end devices must support Class A(“Aloha”) communications. Class A end devices spend most of their time in sleep mode. Because LoRaWAN is not a “slotted” protocol, end devices can communicate with the network server any time there is a change in a sensor reading or when a timer fires. Basically, they can wake up and talk to the server at any moment. After the device sends an uplink, it “listens” for a message from the network one and two seconds after the uplink (receive windows) before going back to sleep.
Class A is the most energy efficient and results in the longest battery life In contrast, rather than only waiting for one of its sensors to notice a change in the environment or fire a timer, Class B end devices also wake up and open a receive window to listen for a downlink according to a configurable, network-defined schedule. A periodic beacon signal transmitted by the network allows those end devices to synchronize their internal clocks with the network server.
Finally, Class C (“Continuous”) end devices never go to sleep. They constantly listen for downlink messages from the network, except when transmitting data in response to a sensor event. These devices are more energy-intensive, and usually require a constant power source, rather than relying on a battery.
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