구차니의 잡동사니 모음

VAR = `readlink -e ${PWD}/../../` 

-f, --canonicalize

canonicalize by following every symlink in every component of the given name recursively; all but the last component must exist

-e, --canonicalize-existing

canonicalize by following every symlink in every component of the given name recursively, all components must exist

-m, --canonicalize-missing

canonicalize by following every symlink in every component of the given name recursively, without requirements on components existence

[링크 : http://linux.die.net/man/1/readlink]

 $ echo  "manual" | sudo tee -a /etc/init/lightdm.override 

Your current Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is no longer supported since 2014-08-07.  Security updates for critical parts (kernel and graphics stack) of your system are no longer available.

For more information, please see:

http://wiki.ubuntu.com/1204_HWE_EOL

There is a graphics stack installed on this system. An upgrade to a supported (or longer supported) configuration will become available on 2014-07-16 and can be invoked by running 'update-manager' in the Dash.

login as: minimonk

minimonk@192.168.1.14's password:

Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.11.0-15-generic i686)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/

261 packages can be updated.

150 updates are security updates.

Last login: Wed Dec 24 12:15:49 2014

/etc/update-motd.d$ cat 90-updates-available

#!/bin/sh

if [ -x /usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-updates-available ]; then

    exec /usr/lib/update-notifier/update-motd-updates-available

fi

/etc/update-motd.d$ cat 91-release-upgrade

#!/bin/sh

if [ -x /usr/lib/update-manager/release-upgrade-motd ]; then

    exec /usr/lib/update-manager/release-upgrade-motd

fi

$ date; sudo dd if=/dev/sdd of=dump_512M.dd bs=16M count=32  ;date

2014. 12. 23. (화) 08:27:02 KST

16+0 레코드 들어옴

15+0 레코드 나감

251658240 바이트 (252 MB) 복사됨, 17.3061 초, 14.5 MB/초

18+0 레코드 들어옴

17+0 레코드 나감

285212672 바이트 (285 MB) 복사됨, 19.4872 초, 14.6 MB/초

27+0 레코드 들어옴

26+0 레코드 나감

436207616 바이트 (436 MB) 복사됨, 29.3058 초, 14.9 MB/초

32+0 레코드 들어옴

32+0 레코드 나감

536870912 바이트 (537 MB) 복사됨, 35.0506 초, 15.3 MB/초

2014. 12. 23. (화) 08:27:38 KST

$ ps -ef | grep dd

root     27180 26796  0 08:27 pts/1    00:00:00 sudo dd if=/dev/sdd of=dump_512M.dd bs=16M count=32

root     27181 27180 16 08:27 pts/1    00:00:00 dd if=/dev/sdd of=dump_512M.dd bs=16M count=32

minimonk@devmini:~/temp$ kill -USR1 27180

minimonk@devmini:~/temp$ kill -USR1 27180

minimonk@devmini:~/temp$ kill -USR1 27180

D:\>dd of=\\?\Device\Harddisk5\Partition0 if=test.dd bs=1M --progress

rawwrite dd for windows version 0.6beta3.

Written by John Newbigin <jn@it.swin.edu.au>

This program is covered by terms of the GPL Version 2.

1,886M

1886+0 records in

1886+0 records out

 $ tree /etc/udev/rules.d

/etc/udev/rules.d

├── 70-persistent-cd.rules

├── 70-persistent-net.rules

└── README

 $ cat 70-persistent-cd.rules

$ cat 70-persistent-net.rules

# This file was automatically generated by the /lib/udev/write_net_rules

# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.

# program, run by the persistent-net-generator.rules rules file.

#

# You can modify it, as long as you keep each rule on a single

# line, and change only the value of the NAME= key.

# PCI device 0x10de:/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:0a.0 (forcedeth)

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="70:71:bc:3e:97:0a", ATTR{dev_id}=="0x0", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth0"