여기저기 난리구만..
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'Linux'에 해당되는 글 766건
- 2024.07.08 ssh 보안 취약점 패치 - 우분투 업데이트
- 2024.06.28 정체 불명의 우분투 키보드 입력 지연
- 2024.04.16 Block SCSI generic (bsg) driver
- 2024.03.08 lsusb -v 로 본 장치(HID MT, mouse)
- 2024.02.29 systemd 지연된 시작
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Linux/Ubuntu2024. 7. 8. 17:50
Linux/Ubuntu2024. 6. 28. 13:27
이어폰 꼽고 음악 들으려다 켜져있는걸 발견 -_-
(회사에서는 컴퓨터 무음으로 해놓고 씀)
왜 "화면 읽기" 가 켜져 있는지 모르겠지만
유난히 웹 브라우저에서 키보드가 응답이 느리게 작동했던 것 같은데
아마 일반 어플리케이션에서는 접근성 대응이 덜 되어 있는데 웹 브라우저에서는 잘 되어 있으니
온갖 말을 하다가 더 난리가 났던 듯.
그나저나 누르고 있으니 이 어눌한 말은 왜케 웃기냐 ㅋㅋ
카테고리 없음 이렇게 한글 비슷하게 읽어주는것도 있긴한데
타자를 막 치고 있으면 이어폰으로 온갖 이상한 소리가 ㅋㅋㅋ
+
| Testing Test your setup by typing in a Terminal festival You will be presented with a > prompt. Type (SayText "Hello") The computer should say "hello". To listen to a text file named FILENAME, type (tts "FILENAME" nil) Note FILENAME must be in quote marks. |
festival 이라는 어플리케이션을 통해서 읽는것 같은데
한글을 넣으면 segmentation fault가 뜨는데
도대체 아까 오른쪽 왼쪽 같은 TTS 음성이 도대체 어떻게 나온걸까?
| $ festival Festival Speech Synthesis System 2.5.0:release December 2017 Copyright (C) University of Edinburgh, 1996-2010. All rights reserved. clunits: Copyright (C) University of Edinburgh and CMU 1997-2010 clustergen_engine: Copyright (C) Carnegie Mellon University 2005-2017 hts_engine: The HMM-Based Speech Synthesis Engine "hts_engine API" hts_engine API version 1.07 (http://hts-engine.sourceforge.net/) Copyright (C) The HMM-Based Speech Synthesis Engine "hts_engine API" Version 1.07 (http://hts-engine.sourceforge.net/) Copyright (C) 2001-2012 Nagoya Institute of Technology 2001-2008 Tokyo Institute of Technology All rights reserved. All rights reserved. For details type `(festival_warranty)' festival> (SayText "an nyung ha se yo") #<Utterance 0x709fa1a32830> |
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Linux2024. 4. 16. 16:53
raid가 있어서 그런가 뜬금없는(?) 장치가 있는데
/dev/sg0
/dev/sg1
fdisk로 열어보려고 하면 illegal seek 이라는게 뜨는데 도대체 머하는데 써먹는 장치일까 싶어
검색해보니 sg는 Scsi Generic에서 온 듯.
[링크 : https://docs.kernel.org/scsi/scsi-generic.html]
sas도 sg로 잡히나?
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Linux2024. 3. 8. 17:59
어떻게 MT(multi touch) 장치로 분류하나 궁금해서 보는데 영 모르겠다.
| 아마..도 멀티터치 장비? | USB 유선 마우스(표준형) |
| Bus 001 Device 043: ID 0eef:c003 D-WAV Scientific Co., Ltd eGalaxTouch P80H84 0900 v12 k4.18.200 Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 1.10 bDeviceClass 0 bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x0eef D-WAV Scientific Co., Ltd idProduct 0xc003 bcdDevice 0.12 iManufacturer 1 eGalax Inc. iProduct 2 eGalaxTouch P80H84 0900 v12 k4.18.200 iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 0x0022 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 4 HID-Compliant-Device bmAttributes 0xa0 (Bus Powered) Remote Wakeup MaxPower 350mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 0 bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 5 HID-Interface HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.11 bCountryCode 0 Not supported bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 546 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0040 1x 64 bytes bInterval 1 can't get debug descriptor: Resource temporarily unavailable Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) |
Bus 001 Device 048: ID 046d:c077 Logitech, Inc. M105 Optical Mouse Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 0 bDeviceSubClass 0 bDeviceProtocol 0 bMaxPacketSize0 8 idVendor 0x046d Logitech, Inc. idProduct 0xc077 M105 Optical Mouse bcdDevice 72.00 iManufacturer 1 Logitech iProduct 2 USB Optical Mouse iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 0x0022 bNumInterfaces 1 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0xa0 (Bus Powered) Remote Wakeup MaxPower 100mA Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 3 Human Interface Device bInterfaceSubClass 1 Boot Interface Subclass bInterfaceProtocol 2 Mouse iInterface 0 HID Device Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 33 bcdHID 1.11 bCountryCode 0 Not supported bNumDescriptors 1 bDescriptorType 34 Report wDescriptorLength 46 Report Descriptors: ** UNAVAILABLE ** Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0004 1x 4 bytes bInterval 10 can't get device qualifier: Resource temporarily unavailable can't get debug descriptor: Resource temporarily unavailable Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) |
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Linux2024. 2. 29. 11:54
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Linux/Ubuntu2024. 2. 23. 19:16
해볼까?
pfsense도 귀찮고..
그냥 필요한건 간단하게 NAT와 포트포워딩, DHCP 정도인데..
NAT
iptable masqurade
[링크 : https://ko.linux-console.net/?p=15300]
iptable - port forward
DHCP
dhcpd
방화벽
suricata
[링크 : https://www.hostinger.com/tutorials/how-to-install-suricata-on-ubuntu]
snort
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Linux2024. 2. 13. 10:20
btrfs는 fsck로 체크 못하고, btrfs 유틸리티의 check 명령을 통해서 확인해야 한다.
| # fsck /dev/mmcblk2p9 fsck from util-linux 2.37.4 If you wish to check the consistency of a BTRFS filesystem or repair a damaged filesystem, see btrfs(8) subcommand 'check'. # btrfs btrfs btrfs-convert btrfs-find-root btrfs-image btrfs-map-logical btrfs-select-super btrfsck btrfstune # btrfs check /dev/mmcblk2p9 Opening filesystem to check... Checking filesystem on /dev/mmcblk2p9 UUID: a6226cd4-fc4e-4e20-8861-5870feefb3da [1/7] checking root items [2/7] checking extents [3/7] checking free space tree [4/7] checking fs roots [5/7] checking only csums items (without verifying data) [6/7] checking root refs [7/7] checking quota groups skipped (not enabled on this FS) found 12189671424 bytes used, no error found total csum bytes: 11890008 total tree bytes: 14303232 total fs tree bytes: 180224 total extent tree bytes: 229376 btree space waste bytes: 1957387 file data blocks allocated: 12175368192 referenced 12171370496 |
man은 안되서 --help를 보는데 내용이 부실하긴 하다. restore와 rescue는 어떨 때 쓸 수 있으려나?
| # btrfs --help usage: btrfs [--help] [--version] [--format <format>] [-v|--verbose] [-q|--quiet] <group> [<group>...] <command> [<args>] btrfs balance start [options] <path> Balance chunks across the devices btrfs balance pause <path> Pause running balance btrfs balance cancel <path> Cancel running or paused balance btrfs balance resume <path> Resume interrupted balance btrfs balance status [-v] <path> Show status of running or paused balance btrfs check [options] <device> Check structural integrity of a filesystem (unmounted). btrfs device add [options] <device> [<device>...] <path> Add one or more devices to a mounted filesystem. btrfs device delete <device>|<devid> [<device>|<devid>...] <path> btrfs device remove <device>|<devid> [<device>|<devid>...] <path> Remove a device from a filesystem btrfs device scan [-d|--all-devices] <device> [<device>...] btrfs device scan -u|--forget [<device>...] Scan or forget (unregister) devices of btrfs filesystems btrfs device ready <device> Check and wait until a group of devices of a filesystem is ready for mount btrfs device stats [options] <path>|<device> Show device IO error statistics btrfs device usage [options] <path> [<path>..] Show detailed information about internal allocations in devices. btrfs filesystem df [options] <path> Show space usage information for a mount point btrfs filesystem du [options] <path> [<path>..] Summarize disk usage of each file. btrfs filesystem show [options] [<path>|<uuid>|<device>|label] Show the structure of a filesystem btrfs filesystem sync <path> Force a sync on a filesystem btrfs filesystem defragment [options] <file>|<dir> [<file>|<dir>...] Defragment a file or a directory btrfs filesystem resize [options] [devid:][+/-]<newsize>[kKmMgGtTpPeE]|[devid:]max <path> Resize a filesystem btrfs filesystem label [<device>|<mount_point>] [<newlabel>] Get or change the label of a filesystem btrfs filesystem usage [options] <path> [<path>..] Show detailed information about internal filesystem usage . btrfs inspect-internal inode-resolve [-v] <inode> <path> Get file system paths for the given inode btrfs inspect-internal logical-resolve [-Pvo] [-s bufsize] <logical> <path> Get file system paths for the given logical address btrfs inspect-internal subvolid-resolve <subvolid> <path> Get file system paths for the given subvolume ID. btrfs inspect-internal rootid <path> Get tree ID of the containing subvolume of path. btrfs inspect-internal min-dev-size [options] <path> Get the minimum size the device can be shrunk to btrfs inspect-internal dump-tree [options] <device> [<device> ..] Dump tree structures from a given device btrfs inspect-internal dump-super [options] device [device...] Dump superblock from a device in a textual form btrfs inspect-internal tree-stats [options] <device> Print various stats for trees btrfs property get [-t <type>] <object> [<name>] Get a property value of a btrfs object btrfs property set [-f] [-t <type>] <object> <name> <value> Set a property on a btrfs object btrfs property list [-t <type>] <object> Lists available properties with their descriptions for the given object btrfs qgroup assign [options] <src> <dst> <path> Assign SRC as the child qgroup of DST btrfs qgroup remove [options] <src> <dst> <path> Remove a child qgroup SRC from DST. btrfs qgroup create <qgroupid> <path> Create a subvolume quota group. btrfs qgroup destroy <qgroupid> <path> Destroy a quota group. btrfs qgroup show [options] <path> Show subvolume quota groups. btrfs qgroup limit [options] <size>|none [<qgroupid>] <path> Set the limits a subvolume quota group. btrfs quota enable <path> Enable subvolume quota support for a filesystem. btrfs quota disable <path> Disable subvolume quota support for a filesystem. btrfs quota rescan [-sw] <path> Trash all qgroup numbers and scan the metadata again with the current config. btrfs receive [options] <mount> btrfs receive --dump [options] Receive subvolumes from a stream btrfs replace start [-Bfr] <srcdev>|<devid> <targetdev> <mount_point> Replace device of a btrfs filesystem. btrfs replace status [-1] <mount_point> Print status and progress information of a running device replace operation btrfs replace cancel <mount_point> Cancel a running device replace operation. btrfs rescue chunk-recover [options] <device> Recover the chunk tree by scanning the devices one by one. btrfs rescue super-recover [options] <device> Recover bad superblocks from good copies btrfs rescue zero-log <device> Clear the tree log. Usable if it's corrupted and prevents mount. btrfs rescue fix-device-size <device> Re-align device and super block sizes. Usable if newer kernel refuse to mount it due to mismatch super size btrfs rescue create-control-device Create /dev/btrfs-control (see 'CONTROL DEVICE' in btrfs(5)) btrfs rescue clear-uuid-tree Delete uuid tree so that kernel can rebuild it at mount time btrfs restore [options] <device> <path> btrfs restore [options] -l <device> Try to restore files from a damaged filesystem (unmounted) btrfs scrub start [-BdqrRf] [-c ioprio_class -n ioprio_classdata] <path>|<device> Start a new scrub. If a scrub is already running, the new one fails. btrfs scrub cancel <path>|<device> Cancel a running scrub btrfs scrub resume [-BdqrR] [-c ioprio_class -n ioprio_classdata] <path>|<device> Resume previously canceled or interrupted scrub btrfs scrub status [-dR] <path>|<device> Show status of running or finished scrub btrfs send [-ve] [-p <parent>] [-c <clone-src>] [-f <outfile>] <subvol> [<subvol>...] Send the subvolume(s) to stdout. btrfs subvolume create [-i <qgroupid>] [<dest>/]<name> Create a subvolume btrfs subvolume delete [options] <subvolume> [<subvolume>...] btrfs subvolume delete [options] -i|--subvolid <subvolid> <path> Delete subvolume(s) btrfs subvolume list [options] <path> List subvolumes and snapshots in the filesystem. btrfs subvolume snapshot [-r] [-i <qgroupid>] <subvolume> { <subdir>/<name> | <subdir> } btrfs subvolume get-default <path> Get the default subvolume of a filesystem btrfs subvolume set-default <subvolume> btrfs subvolume set-default <subvolid> <path> Set the default subvolume of the filesystem mounted as default. btrfs subvolume find-new <path> <lastgen> List the recently modified files in a filesystem btrfs subvolume show [options] <path> Show more information about the subvolume (UUIDs, generations, times, snapshots) btrfs subvolume sync <path> [<subvol-id>...] Wait until given subvolume(s) are completely removed from the filesystem. btrfs help [--full] [--box] Display help information btrfs version Display btrfs-progs version Use --help as an argument for information on a specific group or command. Options for --format are: text, json |
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Linux/Ubuntu2024. 1. 31. 10:13
오늘 출근했더니 갑자기 업그레이드 뜨면서 ubuntu pro를 활성화 하겠냐는데
라이센스도 모르고 하니 일단은 다음에 알림으로 설정!
+
설정 누르니 소프트웨어 & 업데이트에서 Ubuntu Pro가 추가되었는데..
Enable Ubuntu Pro 누르니 아래와 같이 먼가 나온다. 가입은 필수인 것 같은데..
홈페이지 뒤져보니 개인은 무료, 기업에서도 30일 무료 라는데
[링크 : https://ubuntu.com/pro]
데스크 탑이라도 해도 유료로는 년 금액인 것 같긴한데
머.. 보안업데이트랑 신경써서 해준다니 어떤 의미로는 나빠보이진 않는 듯.
근데 우분투도 장시간 서버로 써보면 업데이트 많아서 불편(?) 한데, 서버를 더 자주 리부팅 하게 되는건 아니겠지?
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Linux2024. 1. 9. 16:18
요즘(?) 리눅스는 언젠가 부터 그냥 냅두면 메모리를 야곰야곰 먹으면서 file system을 캐싱하는데
page cache를 위해서 free 메모리를 자꾸 갉아먹는다.
[링크 : https://jujupapa.tistory.com/31]
slabtop이라는걸 통해서 캐싱되고 있는 페이지를 확인할 수 있다는데 봐도 무슨 소리이지 모르겠고..
| $ slabtop fopen /proc/slabinfo: 허가 거부 $ sudo cat /proc/slabinfo slabinfo - version: 2.1 # name <active_objs> <num_objs> <objsize> <objperslab> <pagesperslab> : tunables <limit> <batchcount> <sharedfactor> : slabdata <active_slabs> <num_slabs> <sharedavail> nf_conntrack 856 1248 256 32 2 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 39 39 0 ovl_inode 44 44 728 22 4 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 2 2 0 i915_dependency 256 256 128 32 1 : tunables 0 0 0 : slabdata 8 8 0 $ sudo slabtop -o 활성 / 총 개체 수 (사용 %) : 3102305 / 3121463 (99.4%) 활성 / 총 slab 수 (사용 %) : 87745 / 87745 (100.0%) 활성 / 총 캐시 수 (사용 %) : 130 / 178 (73.0%) 활성 / 총 크기 (사용 %) : 748809.62K / 753765.53K (99.3%) 최소 / 평균 / 최대 개체 수: 0.01K / 0.24K / 9.00K 활성 개체 사용개체크기 SLAB 개체/SLAB 캐시 크기 이름 994617 994553 99% 0.10K 25503 39 102012K buffer_head 463407 463082 99% 0.19K 22067 21 88268K dentry 342720 342595 99% 0.05K 4032 85 16128K shared_policy_node 268299 268294 99% 1.16K 9937 27 317984K ext4_inode_cache $ sudo slabtop M-m~Y~\M-l~DM-1 / M-lM-4~] M-jM-0~\M-lM-2M-4 M-l~H~X (M-l~BM-,M-l~ZM-) %) : 3099702 / 3121184 (99.3%) M-m~Y~\M-l~DM-1 / M-lM-4~] slab M-l~H~X (M-l~BM-,M-l~ZM-) %) : 87736 / 87736 (100.0%) M-m~Y~\M-l~DM-1 / M-lM-4~] M-lM-:~PM-l~K~\ M-l~H~X (M-l~BM-,M-l~ZM-) %) : 130 / 178 (73.0%) M-m~Y~\M-l~DM-1 / M-lM-4~] M-m~AM-,M-jM-8M-0 (M-l~BM-,M-l~ZM-) %) : 748420.12K / 753805.55K (99.3%) M-lM-5~\M-l~F~L / M-m~O~IM-jM-7M- / M-lM-5~\M-k~L~@ M-jM-0~\M-lM-2M-4 M-l~H~X: 0.01K / 0.24K / 9.00K M-m~Y~\M-l~DM-1 M-jM-0~\M-lM-2M-4 M-l~BM-,M-l~ZM-)M-jM-0~\M-lM-2M-4M-m~AM-,M-jM-8M-0 SLAB M-jM-0~\M-lM-2M-4/SLAB M-lM-:~PM-l~K~\ M-m~AM-,M-jM-8M-0 M-l~]M-4M-kM-&~D 995397 995397 99% 0.10K 25523 39 102092K buffer_head 463407 462914 99% 0.19K 22067 21 88268K dentry 342720 342468 99% 0.05K 4032 85 16128K shared_policy_node |
[링크 : https://linux.die.net/man/1/slabtop]
glusterFS 쪽에서 나오는 문서.
아무튼 커널에 의해서 캐싱된 내용을 어떻게 유지할 지 등에 대한 설정이 sysfs에 존재한다.
| vm.vfs_cache_pressure This option controls the tendency of the kernel to reclaim the memory which is used for caching of directory and inode objects. At the default value of vfs_cache_pressure=100 the kernel will attempt to reclaim dentries and inodes at a "fair" rate with respect to pagecache and swapcache reclaim. Decreasing vfs_cache_pressure causes the kernel to prefer to retain dentry and inode caches. When vfs_cache_pressure=0, the kernel will never reclaim dentries and inodes due to memory pressure and this can easily lead to out-of-memory conditions. Increasing vfs_cache_pressure beyond 100 causes the kernel to prefer to reclaim dentries and inodes. With GlusterFS, many users with a lot of storage and many small files easily end up using a lot of RAM on the server side due to 'inode/dentry' caching, leading to decreased performance when the kernel keeps crawling through data-structures on a 40GB RAM system. Changing this value higher than 100 has helped many users to achieve fair caching and more responsiveness from the kernel. |
| To free pagecache: (페이지케쉬 클리어) # echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches To free dentries and inodes: (트리와 아이노드 클리어) # echo 2 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches To free pagecache, dentries and inodes: (1번과 2번 모두 클리어) # echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches |
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Linux2023. 10. 24. 14:58
minicom으로 통신을 하는데(시리얼)
창을 넓혀도 top 등을 실행할때 창의 폭이 넓어지지 않을때
아래의 명령을 넣어주면 폭이 조절된다.
| $ stty columns 150 |
[링크 : https://acet.pe.kr/17]
posix 표준은 아니지만 columns N 하면 된다.
| # stty --help Usage: stty [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [SETTING]... or: stty [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-a|--all] or: stty [-F DEVICE | --file=DEVICE] [-g|--save] Print or change terminal characteristics. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --all print all current settings in human-readable form -g, --save print all current settings in a stty-readable form -F, --file=DEVICE open and use the specified DEVICE instead of stdin --help 이 도움말을 표시하고 끝냅니다 --version 버전 정보를 출력하고 끝냅니다 Optional - before SETTING indicates negation. An * marks non-POSIX settings. The underlying system defines which settings are available. Special characters: * discard CHAR CHAR will toggle discarding of output eof CHAR CHAR will send an end of file (terminate the input) eol CHAR CHAR will end the line * eol2 CHAR alternate CHAR for ending the line erase CHAR CHAR will erase the last character typed intr CHAR CHAR will send an interrupt signal kill CHAR CHAR will erase the current line * lnext CHAR CHAR will enter the next character quoted quit CHAR CHAR will send a quit signal * rprnt CHAR CHAR will redraw the current line start CHAR CHAR will restart the output after stopping it stop CHAR CHAR will stop the output susp CHAR CHAR will send a terminal stop signal * swtch CHAR CHAR will switch to a different shell layer * werase CHAR CHAR will erase the last word typed Special settings: N set the input and output speeds to N bauds * cols N tell the kernel that the terminal has N columns * columns N same as cols N * [-]drain wait for transmission before applying settings (on by default) ispeed N set the input speed to N * line N use line discipline N min N with -icanon, set N characters minimum for a completed read ospeed N set the output speed to N * rows N tell the kernel that the terminal has N rows * size print the number of rows and columns according to the kernel speed print the terminal speed time N with -icanon, set read timeout of N tenths of a second |
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