virtualbox 4.3.12 버전에서 사용가능한 네트워크는


Not attached

NAT - Network Address Translation

NAT Network

Bridged networking

Internal networking

Host-only networking

Generic networking
7가지인데

인터넷이 되는 설정은 NAT / Bridged networking 뿐이다?
NAT Network 로 설정하면
NAT Network 로 설정한 VM 들 끼리는 통신이 가능하지만
외부로 인터넷 접속이 안된다 -_-

(제대로 된 테스트 필요)

   internet  other VMs
 Not attached  x  x
 NAT   o  x / DHCP
 NAT Network  x  o / DHCP
 Bridged networking  o  o (단, 다른 VM도 Bridged)
 Internal networking    
 Host-only networking  x  x

[링크 : https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch06.html]
[링크 : https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch06.html#network_nat_service

 Network Address Translation (NAT) is the simplest way of accessing an external network from a virtual machine. Usually, it does not require any configuration on the host network and guest system. For this reason, it is the default networking mode in VirtualBox.

 The Network Address Translation (NAT) service works in a similar way to a home router, grouping the systems using it into a network and preventing systems outside of this network from directly accessing systems inside it, but letting systems inside communicate with each other and with systems outside using TCP and UDP over IPv4 and IPv6.

 Internal Networking is similar to bridged networking in that the VM can directly communicate with the outside world. However, the "outside world" is limited to other VMs on the same host which connect to the same internal network.

 With bridged networking, VirtualBox uses a device driver on your host system that filters data from your physical network adapter.

 Host-only networking is another networking mode that was added with version 2.2 of VirtualBox. It can be thought of as a hybrid between the bridged and internal networking modes: as with bridged networking, the virtual machines can talk to each other and the host as if they were connected through a physical Ethernet switch. 
Posted by 구차니
embeded/ARM2014. 9. 29. 17:37
ffmpeg 컴파일 옵션중에
  --enable-thumb           compile for Thumb instruction set

thumb 활성화가 있고 cpu도 지원을 해서
Processor       : ARM926EJ-S rev 5 (v5l)
BogoMIPS        : 226.09
Features        : swp half thumb fastmult edsp java 

 --enable-armv5te 랑 같이 썼더니.... 안되잖아!!!! ㅠㅠ
Assembler messages:
Error: instruction not supported in Thumb16 mode -- `adds r2,r5,r4,lsr#31'
Error: selected processor does not support `itet ne'
Error: Thumb does not support conditional execution

armv5te의 DSP enhancement 명령어들이 16bit(thumb mode) 가 아닌 32bit라 안되는게 아닐까 라고 추측되는데..
아무튼..  thumb의 장점으로는 ARM에서 코드 밀도가 올라간다(코드 사이즈가 65%까지 준다고..) 는 것 외에는
성능 향상적인 측면은 크게 없으니 굳이 무리하게 thumb 옵션을 쓰지 않아도 될 듯.
 
단점들을 나열해 볼게요. 
 
1. 분기 명령어를 제외하고는 조건부 실행이 안됩니다. 
2. 레지스터 사용이 R0~R7으로 제안 됩니다.
3. Immediate 상수 값의 사용 범위가 제한적입니다.
4. Inline barrel shifter의 사용이 제안적입니다.
5. Exception 처리를 할 수 없습니다.
[링크 : http://recipes.egloos.com/viewer/5651064

8.1 Thumb Instruction 특징
(1) 16-bit length instruction set
(2) ARM 명령어보다 코드의 집적도가 높습니다.( about 65% of ARM instruction )
(3) 일반적으로는 32bit ARM명령어 보다는 속도가 느리지만 16bit memory 시스템에서는 그렇지 않을 수도 있습니다.

8.2 Thumb Instruction 제약 사항

- Limited Access to Registers : R0-R7 registers are accessible.
- Narrow Range of Immediate Value
- Not Flexible for Exception Mode
- Exception Handler should be executed in ARM mode. : Exception이 발생하면 항상 ARM 모드로 전환이 됩니다.
- Limited conditional instruction.
- Branch instructions can be executed conditionally.
- Inline Barrel Shifter is not used. 
 
[링크 : http://www.jkelec.co.kr/img/lecture/arm_arch/arm_arch_4.html#8]  

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Posted by 구차니
mplayer에서는 -ao alsa:device=hw:0.0 식으로 음악을 바로 재생을 할 수 있는데..
ffmpeg은 입력을 받아서 저장은 되도.. 플레이는 안되나.. 보다 싶긴하다.
$ man ffmpeg
   Video and Audio grabbing
       If you specify the input format and device then ffmpeg can grab video and audio directly.

               ffmpeg -f oss -i /dev/dsp -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 /tmp/out.mpg

       Or with an ALSA audio source (mono input, card id 1) instead of OSS:

               ffmpeg -f alsa -ac 1 -i hw:1 -f video4linux2 -i /dev/video0 /tmp/out.mpg

       Note that you must activate the right video source and channel before launching ffmpeg with any TV viewer
       such as <http://linux.bytesex.org/xawtv/> by Gerd Knorr. You also have to set the audio recording levels
       correctly with a standard mixer. 

$ mam mplayer
AUDIO OUTPUT DRIVERS (MPLAYER ONLY)
       Audio output drivers are interfaces to different audio output facilities.  The syntax is:

       -ao <driver1[:suboption1[=value]:...],driver2,...[,]>
              Specify a priority list of audio output drivers to be used.

       If  the  list has a trailing ',' MPlayer will fall back on drivers not contained in the list.  Suboptions
       are optional and can mostly be omitted.
       NOTE: See -ao help for a list of compiled-in audio output drivers.

       EXAMPLE:
                 -ao alsa,oss,
                      Try the ALSA driver, then the OSS driver, then others.
                 -ao alsa:noblock:device=hw=0.3
                      Sets noblock-mode and the device-name as first card, fourth device. 

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mp3만 가속됨
flac wav 는 거의 cpu를 소비하지 않는 수준
wmv ogg aac aacp는 우걱우걱이라 armv5te 에서는 무리 

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개소리 왈왈/블로그2014. 9. 25. 23:02
전화해서 물어봐도
데이터에는 손상이 없다고 괜찮다고 라는데
무료라고는 하지만 영...

유료 고객이었다면 다르게 대응했을까 하는 생각이 조금 들긴 하지만
유료였다면 아마.. 2일이나 접속도 안되는게 말이 되냐고 아마 길길이 날뛰었을지도 ㅋ 

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i.mx283 / armv5te 아키텍쳐의
dsp enchancement 명령을 사용하기 위한 컴파일 옵션

--cpu=armv5te --enable-armv5te 

코덱마다 다르고 시간마다 달라 정형화하기 힘들지만
classic channel 인터넷 방송은 정상재생이냐 끊어지냐 수준
80% vs 13% 급이고

mbc fm 은
거의 차이가 없는 78% 이나
load average가 5.0 vs 4.8 정도로 유의미하게 나진 않는다

[링크 : http://ffmpeg.org/pipermail/ffmpeg-user/2011-May/000833.html]

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테스트용으로
channel  / samping rate / bitrate  등을 변경하기 위한 방법

#!/bin/sh

# CBR - channel / bitrate / resample
# VBR - channel / quality / resample

# bitrate - CBR
# MPEG1 - 320 256 224 192 160 128 118 96 80 64 56 48 40 32
# MPEG2 - 160 144 128 112 96 80 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 8

# bitrate - VBR
# 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

# sampling
# mpeg1-3 48 44.1 32
# mpeg2-3 24 22.05 16
# mpeg2.5-3 12 11.025 8

for rate in 48 44.1 32
do
        for bps in 320 256 224 192 160 128 118 96 80 64 56 48 40 32
        do
                lame -b ${bps} -m s --resample ${rate} $1 C${bps}bps_${rate}KH_2ch.mp3
                lame -b ${bps} -m m --resample ${rate} $1 C${bps}bps_${rate}KH_1ch.mp3
        done
done

for rate in 48 44.1 32
do
        for bps in 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
        do
                lame -V ${bps} -m s --resample ${rate} $1 V${bps}bps_${rate}KH_2ch.mp3
                lame -V ${bps} -m m --resample ${rate} $1 V${bps}bps_${rate}KH_1ch.mp3
        done
done 

위와 같이 변경하니. 320kbps가 
---
mp3가 mpeg1 layer3인데.
mpeg2 layer3 와
mpeg2.5 layer3는 도무지 뭔지 ㅠㅠ

       -m mode
              mode = s, j, f, d, m

              Joint-stereo is the default mode for stereo files with VBR  when  -V  is  more  than  4  or  fixed
              bitrates  of  160kbs  or  less.   At  higher fixed bitrates or higher VBR settings, the default is
              stereo.

              (s)imple stereo
              In this mode, the encoder makes no use of potentially existing correlations between the two  input
              channels.   It  can, however, negotiate the bit demand between both channel, i.e. give one channel
              more bits if the other contains silence or needs less bits because of a lower complexity.

              (j)oint stereo
              In this mode, the encoder will make use of a correlation between both channels.  The  signal  will
              be  matrixed into a sum ("mid"), computed by L+R, and difference ("side") signal, computed by L-R,
              and more bits are allocated to the mid channel.  This will effectively increase the  bandwidth  if
              the  signal  does  not have too much stereo separation, thus giving a significant gain in encoding
              quality.

              Using mid/side stereo inappropriately can  result  in  audible  compression  artifacts.   To  much
              switching  between mid/side and regular stereo can also sound bad.  To determine when to switch to
              mid/side stereo, LAME uses a much more sophisticated algorithm than that described in the ISO doc‐
              umentation, and thus is safe to use in joint stereo mode.

              (f)orced MS stereo
              This  mode  will  force  MS stereo on all frames.  It is slightly faster than joint stereo, but it
              should be used only if you are sure that every frame of the input file has very little stereo sep‐
              aration.

              (d)ual mono
              In  this  mode,  the  2  channels  will  be totally independently encoded.  Each channel will have
              exactly half of the bitrate.  This mode is designed for applications like dual languages  encoding
              (for example: English in one channel and French in the other).  Using this encoding mode for regu‐
              lar stereo files will result in a lower quality encoding.

              (m)ono
              The input will be encoded as a mono signal.  If it was a stereo signal, it will be downsampled  to
              mono.  The downmix is calculated as the sum of the left and right channel, attenuated by 6 dB. 

       --resample sfreq
              sfreq = 8, 11.025, 12, 16, 22.05, 24, 32, 44.1, 48
              Select output sampling frequency (only supported for encoding).
              If not specified, LAME will automatically resample the input when using high compression ratios. 

       CBR (constant bitrate, the default) options:

       -b n   For MPEG1 (sampling frequencies of 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz)
              n = 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 320

              For MPEG2 (sampling frequencies of 16, 22.05 and 24 kHz)
              n = 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160

              Default is 128 for MPEG1 and 64 for MPEG2.

       --cbr  enforce use of constant bitrate

       ABR (average bitrate) options:

       --abr n
              Turns  on encoding with a targeted average bitrate of n kbits, allowing to use frames of different
              sizes.  The allowed range of n is 8 - 310, you can use any integer value within that range.

              It can be combined with the -b and -B switches like: lame --abr 123 -b 64 -B 192 a.wav a.mp3 which
              would limit the allowed frame sizes between 64 and 192 kbits.

              The  use  of  -B  is NOT RECOMMENDED.  A 128 kbps CBR bitstream, because of the bit reservoir, can
              actually have frames which use as many bits as a 320 kbps frame.  VBR modes minimize  the  use  of
              the  bit  reservoir,  and  thus  need  to allow 320 kbps frames to get the same flexibility as CBR
              streams.

       VBR (variable bitrate) options:

       -v     use variable bitrate (--vbr-old)

       --vbr-old
              Invokes the oldest, most tested VBR algorithm.  It produces very good quality files, though is not
              very fast.  This has, up through v3.89, been considered the "workhorse" VBR algorithm.

       --vbr-new
              Invokes the newest VBR algorithm.  During the development of version 3.90, considerable tuning was
              done on this algorithm, and it is now considered to be on par with the original --vbr-old.  It has
              the added advantage of being very fast (over twice as fast as --vbr-old).

       -V n   0 <= n <= 9
              Enable  VBR  (Variable BitRate) and specifies the value of VBR quality (default = 4).  0 = highest
              quality.

[링크 : http://tuxtweaks.com/2008/08/how-to-resample-mp3-audio-files-on-linux-using-lame/

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