'Linux' 카테고리의 글 목록 (39 Page)

'Linux'에 해당되는 글 773건

2014.04.19 ubuntu 14.04 LTS!!!
2014.04.16 Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 공개가 코앞에!!
2014.04.11 리눅스 쉘 스크립트 << EOF 를 이용해서 자동화 하기
2013.12.20 cron / crontab
2013.11.26 ltrace strace ldd readelf objdump 결과물
2013.11.26 Linux Router Project - Dead!!! 2
2013.09.19 범블비 - bumblebee (Nvidia Optimus)
2013.07.10 우분투 apt-get이 많이 느려진거 같은데..
2013.07.10 ubuntu 12.04 lightgdm xrog.conf
2013.07.10 ubuntu에서 pptpd를 이용한 vpn 서비스

우분트 포트란 패키지 (4)	2014.06.13
우분투 설치된 패키지 목록 얻기 (0)	2014.05.24
Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 공개가 코앞에!! (0)	2014.04.16
범블비 - bumblebee (Nvidia Optimus) (0)	2013.09.19
우분투 apt-get이 많이 느려진거 같은데.. (0)	2013.07.10

Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 공개가 코앞에!!

어디 시간인 기준인지 모르겠다만.. 아무튼 17일날 2014년 LTS 공개!!!
부디 가볍게 구성되었길 ㅠㅠ
그리고 Gnome 제발.. 구버전 형태의 기본 윈도우 매니저로 돌아오길 ㅠㅠ

London 15th April 2014: Canonical today announces Ubuntu 14.04 LTS will be released on 17th April 2014, bringing a new level of reliability, performance and interoperability to cloud and scale out environments with support and maintenance for five years.

[링크 : http://insights.ubuntu.com/news/ubuntu-14-04-lts-the-cloud-platform-of-choice/]

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우분투 설치된 패키지 목록 얻기 (0)	2014.05.24
ubuntu 14.04 LTS!!! (0)	2014.04.19
범블비 - bumblebee (Nvidia Optimus) (0)	2013.09.19
우분투 apt-get이 많이 느려진거 같은데.. (0)	2013.07.10
ubuntu 12.04 lightgdm xrog.conf (0)	2013.07.10

Posted by 구차니

리눅스 쉘 스크립트 << EOF 를 이용해서 자동화 하기

오라클 시작/종료 스크립트 짜다 보니

<< EOF
EOF

라는 좋은 문구발견!

아무튼.. 리다이렉트 비스므리하게 생겼는데
<< EOF를 하면
EOF가 나올때 까지의 명령어를
실행중인 프로그램에 입력해 줄 수 있다.

입력의 끝을 나타내는 EOF는 반드시
앞에 공백이나 탭이 있어서는 안된다.

[링크 : http://originalchoi.tistory.com/7]

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mount - relatime / noatime (0)	2014.08.28
linux shared object(so) tutorial (0)	2014.06.30
cron / crontab (0)	2013.12.20
ltrace strace ldd readelf objdump 결과물 (0)	2013.11.26
Linux Router Project - Dead!!! (2)	2013.11.26

Posted by 구차니

cron / crontab

아는 지인의 요청으로 검색하게 된 내용

crontab의 경우 시스템 전체와 사용자 별로 설정을 저장한다.

crontab [-u user] file

crontab [-u user] [-l | -r | -e] [-i] [-s]

[링크 : http://linux.die.net/man/1/crontab ]

ubuntu 12.10 LTS에서 도움말을 보니 추가된 내용이 있는데

$ man crontab
FILES

/etc/cron.allow

/etc/cron.deny

/var/spool/cron/crontabs

There is one file for each user's crontab under the /var/spool/cron/crontabs directory. Users are not

allowed to edit the files under that directory directly to ensure that only users allowed by the system to

run periodic tasks can add them, and only syntactically correct crontabs will be written there. This is

enforced by having the directory writable only by the crontab group and configuring crontab command with the

setgid bid set for that specific group.

/etc/crontab 은 system 전체에 대한 (데몬용) crontab이고
/var/spool/cron/crontabs/ 에는 사용자별 crontab 파일이 존재한다.

또한 cron에 대한 로그는
기본적으로
/var/log/syslog에서 "CRON" 키워드로 검색을 하면 나오지만 안나온다면
cron에서 실행되는 스크립트의 마지막에 로그를 남기도록 하는 수 밖에 없을듯 하다.

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ltrace strace ldd readelf objdump 결과물 (0)	2013.11.26
Linux Router Project - Dead!!! (2)	2013.11.26
하드 디스크 통채로 덤프해서 마운트 하기 (0)	2013.07.06

Posted by 구차니

ltrace strace ldd readelf objdump 결과물

아오.. 잘 안쓰니 맨날 까먹어..
한번 정리를 해놔야 할듯..

$ ldd a.out

linux-gate.so.1 => (0xb7704000)

libgomp.so.1 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgomp.so.1 (0xb76d6000)

libpthread.so.0 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0xb76bb000)

libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb7510000)

librt.so.1 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0xb7507000)

/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb7705000)

$ strace ./a.out

execve("./a.out", ["./a.out"], [/* 19 vars */]) = 0

brk(0) = 0x8b30000

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

mmap2(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7701000

access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3

fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=112875, ...}) = 0

mmap2(NULL, 112875, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb76e5000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgomp.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3

read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0`*\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512

fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=59044, ...}) = 0

mmap2(NULL, 61768, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb76d5000

mmap2(0xb76e3000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0xd) = 0xb76e3000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3

read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0p[\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512

fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=124663, ...}) = 0

mmap2(NULL, 107008, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb76ba000

mmap2(0xb76d1000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x16) = 0xb76d1000

mmap2(0xb76d3000, 4608, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb76d3000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3

read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0000\226\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512

fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1734120, ...}) = 0

mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb76b9000

mmap2(NULL, 1743580, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb750f000

mmap2(0xb76b3000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1a4) = 0xb76b3000

mmap2(0xb76b6000, 10972, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb76b6000

close(3) = 0

access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)

open("/lib/i386-linux-gnu/librt.so.1", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3

read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\320\30\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512

fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=30684, ...}) = 0

mmap2(NULL, 33360, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb7506000

mmap2(0xb750d000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x6) = 0xb750d000

close(3) = 0

mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7505000

set_thread_area({entry_number:-1 -> 6, base_addr:0xb7505700, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}) = 0

mprotect(0xb76b3000, 8192, PROT_READ) = 0

mprotect(0xb76d1000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0

mprotect(0xb750d000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0

mprotect(0xb76e3000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0

mprotect(0x8049000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0

mprotect(0xb7724000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0

munmap(0xb76e5000, 112875) = 0

set_tid_address(0xb7505768) = 3083

set_robust_list(0xb7505770, 0xc) = 0

futex(0xbfe14f74, FUTEX_WAIT_BITSET_PRIVATE|FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME, 1, NULL, b7505700) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)

rt_sigaction(SIGRTMIN, {0xb76bf570, [], SA_SIGINFO}, NULL, 8) = 0

rt_sigaction(SIGRT_1, {0xb76bf5f0, [], SA_RESTART|SA_SIGINFO}, NULL, 8) = 0

rt_sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, [RTMIN RT_1], NULL, 8) = 0

getrlimit(RLIMIT_STACK, {rlim_cur=8192*1024, rlim_max=RLIM_INFINITY}) = 0

uname({sys="Linux", node="devmini", ...}) = 0

sched_getaffinity(3083, 128, {f}) = 4

brk(0) = 0x8b30000

brk(0x8b51000) = 0x8b51000

mmap2(NULL, 8392704, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_STACK, -1, 0) = 0xb6d04000

mprotect(0xb6d04000, 4096, PROT_NONE) = 0

clone(child_stack=0xb7504424, flags=CLONE_VM|CLONE_FS|CLONE_FILES|CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_THREAD|CLONE_SYSVSEM|CLONE_SETTLS|CLONE_PARENT_SETTID|CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID, parent_tidptr=0xb7504ba8, {entry_number:6, base_addr:0xb7504b40, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}, child_tidptr=0xb7504ba8) = 3084

mmap2(NULL, 8392704, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_STACK, -1, 0) = 0xb6503000

mprotect(0xb6503000, 4096, PROT_NONE) = 0

clone(child_stack=0xb6d03424, flags=CLONE_VM|CLONE_FS|CLONE_FILES|CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_THREAD|CLONE_SYSVSEM|CLONE_SETTLS|CLONE_PARENT_SETTID|CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID, parent_tidptr=0xb6d03ba8, {entry_number:6, base_addr:0xb6d03b40, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}, child_tidptr=0xb6d03ba8) = 3085

mmap2(NULL, 8392704, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_STACK, -1, 0) = 0xb5d02000

mprotect(0xb5d02000, 4096, PROT_NONE) = 0

clone(child_stack=0xb6502424, flags=CLONE_VM|CLONE_FS|CLONE_FILES|CLONE_SIGHAND|CLONE_THREAD|CLONE_SYSVSEM|CLONE_SETTLS|CLONE_PARENT_SETTID|CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID, parent_tidptr=0xb6502ba8, {entry_number:6, base_addr:0xb6502b40, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}, child_tidptr=0xb6502ba8) = 3086

futex(0x8b30654, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 0, NULLres = 0

) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)

write(1, "res = 0\n", 8res = 0

) = 8

futex(0xb76b68b8, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) = 1

res = 0

futex(0x8b3004c, FUTEX_WAIT_PRIVATE, 0, NULL) = -1 EAGAIN (Resource temporarily unavailable)

exit_group(0) = ?

$ ltrace ./a.out

__libc_start_main(0x8048500, 1, 0xbf8a64d4, 0x8048540, 0x80485b0 <unfinished ...>

GOMP_parallel_start(0x8048512, 0, 0, 0x8048561, -1) = 299961

printf("res = %d\n", 0res = 0

res = 0

unexpected breakpoint at 0xfffffffe

+++ killed by SIGSEGV +++

$ readelf -a a.out

ELF Header:

Magic: 7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

Class: ELF32

Data: 2's complement, little endian

Version: 1 (current)

OS/ABI: UNIX - System V

ABI Version: 0

Type: EXEC (Executable file)

Machine: Intel 80386

Version: 0x1

Entry point address: 0x8048410

Start of program headers: 52 (bytes into file)

Start of section headers: 4420 (bytes into file)

Flags: 0x0

Size of this header: 52 (bytes)

Size of program headers: 32 (bytes)

Number of program headers: 9

Size of section headers: 40 (bytes)

Number of section headers: 30

Section header string table index: 27

Section Headers:

[Nr] Name Type Addr Off Size ES Flg Lk Inf Al

[ 0] NULL 00000000 000000 000000 00 0 0 0

[ 1] .interp PROGBITS 08048154 000154 000013 00 A 0 0 1

[ 2] .note.ABI-tag NOTE 08048168 000168 000020 00 A 0 0 4

[ 3] .note.gnu.build-i NOTE 08048188 000188 000024 00 A 0 0 4

[ 4] .gnu.hash GNU_HASH 080481ac 0001ac 000020 04 A 5 0 4

[ 5] .dynsym DYNSYM 080481cc 0001cc 000080 10 A 6 1 4

[ 6] .dynstr STRTAB 0804824c 00024c 0000ac 00 A 0 0 1

[ 7] .gnu.version VERSYM 080482f8 0002f8 000010 02 A 5 0 2

[ 8] .gnu.version_r VERNEED 08048308 000308 000040 00 A 6 2 4

[ 9] .rel.dyn REL 08048348 000348 000008 08 A 5 0 4

[10] .rel.plt REL 08048350 000350 000028 08 A 5 12 4

[11] .init PROGBITS 08048378 000378 00002e 00 AX 0 0 4

[12] .plt PROGBITS 080483b0 0003b0 000060 04 AX 0 0 16

[13] .text PROGBITS 08048410 000410 0001dc 00 AX 0 0 16

[14] .fini PROGBITS 080485ec 0005ec 00001a 00 AX 0 0 4

[15] .rodata PROGBITS 08048608 000608 000012 00 A 0 0 4

[16] .eh_frame_hdr PROGBITS 0804861c 00061c 000044 00 A 0 0 4

[17] .eh_frame PROGBITS 08048660 000660 000104 00 A 0 0 4

[18] .ctors PROGBITS 08049f04 000f04 000008 00 WA 0 0 4

[19] .dtors PROGBITS 08049f0c 000f0c 000008 00 WA 0 0 4

[20] .jcr PROGBITS 08049f14 000f14 000004 00 WA 0 0 4

[21] .dynamic DYNAMIC 08049f18 000f18 0000d8 08 WA 6 0 4

[22] .got PROGBITS 08049ff0 000ff0 000004 04 WA 0 0 4

[23] .got.plt PROGBITS 08049ff4 000ff4 000020 04 WA 0 0 4

[24] .data PROGBITS 0804a014 001014 000008 00 WA 0 0 4

[25] .bss NOBITS 0804a01c 00101c 000008 00 WA 0 0 4

[26] .comment PROGBITS 00000000 00101c 00002a 01 MS 0 0 1

[27] .shstrtab STRTAB 00000000 001046 0000fc 00 0 0 1

[28] .symtab SYMTAB 00000000 0015f4 000450 10 29 46 4

[29] .strtab STRTAB 00000000 001a44 00024e 00 0 0 1

Key to Flags:

W (write), A (alloc), X (execute), M (merge), S (strings)

I (info), L (link order), G (group), T (TLS), E (exclude), x (unknown)

O (extra OS processing required) o (OS specific), p (processor specific)

There are no section groups in this file.

Program Headers:

Type Offset VirtAddr PhysAddr FileSiz MemSiz Flg Align

PHDR 0x000034 0x08048034 0x08048034 0x00120 0x00120 R E 0x4

INTERP 0x000154 0x08048154 0x08048154 0x00013 0x00013 R 0x1

[Requesting program interpreter: /lib/ld-linux.so.2]

LOAD 0x000000 0x08048000 0x08048000 0x00764 0x00764 R E 0x1000

LOAD 0x000f04 0x08049f04 0x08049f04 0x00118 0x00120 RW 0x1000

DYNAMIC 0x000f18 0x08049f18 0x08049f18 0x000d8 0x000d8 RW 0x4

NOTE 0x000168 0x08048168 0x08048168 0x00044 0x00044 R 0x4

GNU_EH_FRAME 0x00061c 0x0804861c 0x0804861c 0x00044 0x00044 R 0x4

GNU_STACK 0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW 0x4

GNU_RELRO 0x000f04 0x08049f04 0x08049f04 0x000fc 0x000fc R 0x1

Section to Segment mapping:

Segment Sections...

00

01 .interp

02 .interp .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id .gnu.hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rel.dyn .rel.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .eh_frame_hdr .eh_frame

03 .ctors .dtors .jcr .dynamic .got .got.plt .data .bss

04 .dynamic

05 .note.ABI-tag .note.gnu.build-id

06 .eh_frame_hdr

07

08 .ctors .dtors .jcr .dynamic .got

Dynamic section at offset 0xf18 contains 22 entries:

Tag Type Name/Value

0x00000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libgomp.so.1]

0x00000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libpthread.so.0]

0x00000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6]

0x0000000c (INIT) 0x8048378

0x0000000d (FINI) 0x80485ec

0x6ffffef5 (GNU_HASH) 0x80481ac

0x00000005 (STRTAB) 0x804824c

0x00000006 (SYMTAB) 0x80481cc

0x0000000a (STRSZ) 172 (bytes)

0x0000000b (SYMENT) 16 (bytes)

0x00000015 (DEBUG) 0x0

0x00000003 (PLTGOT) 0x8049ff4

0x00000002 (PLTRELSZ) 40 (bytes)

0x00000014 (PLTREL) REL

0x00000017 (JMPREL) 0x8048350

0x00000011 (REL) 0x8048348

0x00000012 (RELSZ) 8 (bytes)

0x00000013 (RELENT) 8 (bytes)

0x6ffffffe (VERNEED) 0x8048308

0x6fffffff (VERNEEDNUM) 2

0x6ffffff0 (VERSYM) 0x80482f8

0x00000000 (NULL) 0x0

Relocation section '.rel.dyn' at offset 0x348 contains 1 entries:

Offset Info Type Sym.Value Sym. Name

08049ff0 00000406 R_386_GLOB_DAT 00000000 __gmon_start__

Relocation section '.rel.plt' at offset 0x350 contains 5 entries:

Offset Info Type Sym.Value Sym. Name

0804a000 00000107 R_386_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 printf

0804a004 00000207 R_386_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 GOMP_parallel_start

0804a008 00000307 R_386_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 GOMP_parallel_end

0804a00c 00000407 R_386_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 __gmon_start__

0804a010 00000507 R_386_JUMP_SLOT 00000000 __libc_start_main

There are no unwind sections in this file.

Symbol table '.dynsym' contains 8 entries:

Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name

0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND

1: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND printf@GLIBC_2.0 (2)

2: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND GOMP_parallel_start@GOMP_1.0 (3)

3: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND GOMP_parallel_end@GOMP_1.0 (3)

4: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__

5: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@GLIBC_2.0 (2)

6: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses

7: 0804860c 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 15 _IO_stdin_used

Symbol table '.symtab' contains 69 entries:

Num: Value Size Type Bind Vis Ndx Name

0: 00000000 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT UND

1: 08048154 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 1

2: 08048168 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 2

3: 08048188 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 3

4: 080481ac 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 4

5: 080481cc 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 5

6: 0804824c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 6

7: 080482f8 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 7

8: 08048308 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 8

9: 08048348 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 9

10: 08048350 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 10

11: 08048378 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 11

12: 080483b0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 12

13: 08048410 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 13

14: 080485ec 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 14

15: 08048608 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 15

16: 0804861c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 16

17: 08048660 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 17

18: 08049f04 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 18

19: 08049f0c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 19

20: 08049f14 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 20

21: 08049f18 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 21

22: 08049ff0 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 22

23: 08049ff4 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 23

24: 0804a014 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 24

25: 0804a01c 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 25

26: 00000000 0 SECTION LOCAL DEFAULT 26

27: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c

28: 08049f04 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __CTOR_LIST__

29: 08049f0c 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 19 __DTOR_LIST__

30: 08049f14 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 20 __JCR_LIST__

31: 08048440 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 __do_global_dtors_aux

32: 0804a01c 1 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 25 completed.6159

33: 0804a020 4 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 25 dtor_idx.6161

34: 080484a0 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 frame_dummy

35: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS crtstuff.c

36: 08049f08 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __CTOR_END__

37: 08048760 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 17 __FRAME_END__

38: 08049f14 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 20 __JCR_END__

39: 080485c0 0 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 __do_global_ctors_aux

40: 00000000 0 FILE LOCAL DEFAULT ABS test.c

41: 08048512 35 FUNC LOCAL DEFAULT 13 thread._omp_fn.0

42: 08049f04 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __init_array_end

43: 08049f18 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 21 _DYNAMIC

44: 08049f04 0 NOTYPE LOCAL DEFAULT 18 __init_array_start

45: 08049ff4 0 OBJECT LOCAL DEFAULT 23 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_

46: 080485b0 2 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 __libc_csu_fini

47: 080485b2 0 FUNC GLOBAL HIDDEN 13 __i686.get_pc_thunk.bx

48: 0804a014 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT 24 data_start

49: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND printf@@GLIBC_2.0

50: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND GOMP_parallel_start@@GOMP

51: 0804a01c 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _edata

52: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND GOMP_parallel_end@@GOMP_1

53: 080485ec 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 14 _fini

54: 08049f10 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 19 __DTOR_END__

55: 0804a014 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT 24 __data_start

56: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND __gmon_start__

57: 0804a018 0 OBJECT GLOBAL HIDDEN 24 __dso_handle

58: 0804860c 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 15 _IO_stdin_used

59: 00000000 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT UND __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_

60: 08048540 97 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 __libc_csu_init

61: 0804a024 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS _end

62: 08048410 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 _start

63: 08048608 4 OBJECT GLOBAL DEFAULT 15 _fp_hw

64: 0804a01c 0 NOTYPE GLOBAL DEFAULT ABS __bss_start

65: 08048500 18 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 main

66: 00000000 0 NOTYPE WEAK DEFAULT UND _Jv_RegisterClasses

67: 080484c4 60 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 13 thread

68: 08048378 0 FUNC GLOBAL DEFAULT 11 _init

Histogram for `.gnu.hash' bucket list length (total of 2 buckets):

Length Number % of total Coverage

0 1 ( 50.0%)

1 1 ( 50.0%) 100.0%

Version symbols section '.gnu.version' contains 8 entries:

Addr: 00000000080482f8 Offset: 0x0002f8 Link: 5 (.dynsym)

000: 0 (*local*) 2 (GLIBC_2.0) 3 (GOMP_1.0) 3 (GOMP_1.0)

004: 0 (*local*) 2 (GLIBC_2.0) 0 (*local*) 1 (*global*)

Version needs section '.gnu.version_r' contains 2 entries:

Addr: 0x0000000008048308 Offset: 0x000308 Link: 6 (.dynstr)

000000: Version: 1 File: libgomp.so.1 Cnt: 1

0x0010: Name: GOMP_1.0 Flags: none Version: 3

0x0020: Version: 1 File: libc.so.6 Cnt: 1

0x0030: Name: GLIBC_2.0 Flags: none Version: 2

Notes at offset 0x00000168 with length 0x00000020:

Owner Data size Description

GNU 0x00000010 NT_GNU_ABI_TAG (ABI version tag)

OS: Linux, ABI: 2.6.24

Notes at offset 0x00000188 with length 0x00000024:

Owner Data size Description

GNU 0x00000014 NT_GNU_BUILD_ID (unique build ID bitstring)

Build ID: 672fb53e31fe8755c4fad0c0c3efdad910b3c693

$ objdump -x a.out

a.out: file format elf32-i386

a.out

architecture: i386, flags 0x00000112:

EXEC_P, HAS_SYMS, D_PAGED

start address 0x08048410

Program Header:

PHDR off 0x00000034 vaddr 0x08048034 paddr 0x08048034 align 2**2

filesz 0x00000120 memsz 0x00000120 flags r-x

INTERP off 0x00000154 vaddr 0x08048154 paddr 0x08048154 align 2**0

filesz 0x00000013 memsz 0x00000013 flags r--

LOAD off 0x00000000 vaddr 0x08048000 paddr 0x08048000 align 2**12

filesz 0x00000764 memsz 0x00000764 flags r-x

LOAD off 0x00000f04 vaddr 0x08049f04 paddr 0x08049f04 align 2**12

filesz 0x00000118 memsz 0x00000120 flags rw-

DYNAMIC off 0x00000f18 vaddr 0x08049f18 paddr 0x08049f18 align 2**2

filesz 0x000000d8 memsz 0x000000d8 flags rw-

NOTE off 0x00000168 vaddr 0x08048168 paddr 0x08048168 align 2**2

filesz 0x00000044 memsz 0x00000044 flags r--

EH_FRAME off 0x0000061c vaddr 0x0804861c paddr 0x0804861c align 2**2

filesz 0x00000044 memsz 0x00000044 flags r--

STACK off 0x00000000 vaddr 0x00000000 paddr 0x00000000 align 2**2

filesz 0x00000000 memsz 0x00000000 flags rw-

RELRO off 0x00000f04 vaddr 0x08049f04 paddr 0x08049f04 align 2**0

filesz 0x000000fc memsz 0x000000fc flags r--

Dynamic Section:

NEEDED libgomp.so.1

NEEDED libpthread.so.0

NEEDED libc.so.6

INIT 0x08048378

FINI 0x080485ec

GNU_HASH 0x080481ac

STRTAB 0x0804824c

SYMTAB 0x080481cc

STRSZ 0x000000ac

SYMENT 0x00000010

DEBUG 0x00000000

PLTGOT 0x08049ff4

PLTRELSZ 0x00000028

PLTREL 0x00000011

JMPREL 0x08048350

REL 0x08048348

RELSZ 0x00000008

RELENT 0x00000008

VERNEED 0x08048308

VERNEEDNUM 0x00000002

VERSYM 0x080482f8

Version References:

required from libgomp.so.1:

0x042628d0 0x00 03 GOMP_1.0

required from libc.so.6:

0x0d696910 0x00 02 GLIBC_2.0

Sections:

Idx Name Size VMA LMA File off Algn

0 .interp 00000013 08048154 08048154 00000154 2**0

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

1 .note.ABI-tag 00000020 08048168 08048168 00000168 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

2 .note.gnu.build-id 00000024 08048188 08048188 00000188 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

3 .gnu.hash 00000020 080481ac 080481ac 000001ac 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

4 .dynsym 00000080 080481cc 080481cc 000001cc 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

5 .dynstr 000000ac 0804824c 0804824c 0000024c 2**0

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

6 .gnu.version 00000010 080482f8 080482f8 000002f8 2**1

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

7 .gnu.version_r 00000040 08048308 08048308 00000308 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

8 .rel.dyn 00000008 08048348 08048348 00000348 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

9 .rel.plt 00000028 08048350 08048350 00000350 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

10 .init 0000002e 08048378 08048378 00000378 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE

11 .plt 00000060 080483b0 080483b0 000003b0 2**4

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE

12 .text 000001dc 08048410 08048410 00000410 2**4

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE

13 .fini 0000001a 080485ec 080485ec 000005ec 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, CODE

14 .rodata 00000012 08048608 08048608 00000608 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

15 .eh_frame_hdr 00000044 0804861c 0804861c 0000061c 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

16 .eh_frame 00000104 08048660 08048660 00000660 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, READONLY, DATA

17 .ctors 00000008 08049f04 08049f04 00000f04 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

18 .dtors 00000008 08049f0c 08049f0c 00000f0c 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

19 .jcr 00000004 08049f14 08049f14 00000f14 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

20 .dynamic 000000d8 08049f18 08049f18 00000f18 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

21 .got 00000004 08049ff0 08049ff0 00000ff0 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

22 .got.plt 00000020 08049ff4 08049ff4 00000ff4 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

23 .data 00000008 0804a014 0804a014 00001014 2**2

CONTENTS, ALLOC, LOAD, DATA

24 .bss 00000008 0804a01c 0804a01c 0000101c 2**2

ALLOC

25 .comment 0000002a 00000000 00000000 0000101c 2**0

CONTENTS, READONLY

SYMBOL TABLE:

08048154 l d .interp 00000000 .interp

08048168 l d .note.ABI-tag 00000000 .note.ABI-tag

08048188 l d .note.gnu.build-id 00000000 .note.gnu.build-id

080481ac l d .gnu.hash 00000000 .gnu.hash

080481cc l d .dynsym 00000000 .dynsym

0804824c l d .dynstr 00000000 .dynstr

080482f8 l d .gnu.version 00000000 .gnu.version

08048308 l d .gnu.version_r 00000000 .gnu.version_r

08048348 l d .rel.dyn 00000000 .rel.dyn

08048350 l d .rel.plt 00000000 .rel.plt

08048378 l d .init 00000000 .init

080483b0 l d .plt 00000000 .plt

08048410 l d .text 00000000 .text

080485ec l d .fini 00000000 .fini

08048608 l d .rodata 00000000 .rodata

0804861c l d .eh_frame_hdr 00000000 .eh_frame_hdr

08048660 l d .eh_frame 00000000 .eh_frame

08049f04 l d .ctors 00000000 .ctors

08049f0c l d .dtors 00000000 .dtors

08049f14 l d .jcr 00000000 .jcr

08049f18 l d .dynamic 00000000 .dynamic

08049ff0 l d .got 00000000 .got

08049ff4 l d .got.plt 00000000 .got.plt

0804a014 l d .data 00000000 .data

0804a01c l d .bss 00000000 .bss

00000000 l d .comment 00000000 .comment

00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 crtstuff.c

08049f04 l O .ctors 00000000 __CTOR_LIST__

08049f0c l O .dtors 00000000 __DTOR_LIST__

08049f14 l O .jcr 00000000 __JCR_LIST__

08048440 l F .text 00000000 __do_global_dtors_aux

0804a01c l O .bss 00000001 completed.6159

0804a020 l O .bss 00000004 dtor_idx.6161

080484a0 l F .text 00000000 frame_dummy

00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 crtstuff.c

08049f08 l O .ctors 00000000 __CTOR_END__

08048760 l O .eh_frame 00000000 __FRAME_END__

08049f14 l O .jcr 00000000 __JCR_END__

080485c0 l F .text 00000000 __do_global_ctors_aux

00000000 l df *ABS* 00000000 test.c

08048512 l F .text 00000023 thread._omp_fn.0

08049f04 l .ctors 00000000 __init_array_end

08049f18 l O .dynamic 00000000 _DYNAMIC

08049f04 l .ctors 00000000 __init_array_start

08049ff4 l O .got.plt 00000000 _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_

080485b0 g F .text 00000002 __libc_csu_fini

080485b2 g F .text 00000000 .hidden __i686.get_pc_thunk.bx

0804a014 w .data 00000000 data_start

00000000 F *UND* 00000000 printf@@GLIBC_2.0

00000000 F *UND* 00000000 GOMP_parallel_start@@GOMP_1.0

0804a01c g *ABS* 00000000 _edata

00000000 F *UND* 00000000 GOMP_parallel_end@@GOMP_1.0

080485ec g F .fini 00000000 _fini

08049f10 g O .dtors 00000000 .hidden __DTOR_END__

0804a014 g .data 00000000 __data_start

00000000 w *UND* 00000000 __gmon_start__

0804a018 g O .data 00000000 .hidden __dso_handle

0804860c g O .rodata 00000004 _IO_stdin_used

00000000 F *UND* 00000000 __libc_start_main@@GLIBC_2.0

08048540 g F .text 00000061 __libc_csu_init

0804a024 g *ABS* 00000000 _end

08048410 g F .text 00000000 _start

08048608 g O .rodata 00000004 _fp_hw

0804a01c g *ABS* 00000000 __bss_start

08048500 g F .text 00000012 main

00000000 w *UND* 00000000 _Jv_RegisterClasses

080484c4 g F .text 0000003c thread

08048378 g F .init 00000000 _init

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Linux Router Project - Dead!!!

예전부터 들어서 해볼까 하다가 못해본걸 이제야 찾았더니
너무 늦었네.. ㅠㅠ
사이트 폐쇄 및 프로젝트 종료!!
어디서 iso를 받을데 없으려나..

[링크 : http://web.archive.org/web/20030624030005/http://www.linuxrouter.org/]
[링크 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Router_Project]
[링크 : http://www.linuxrouter.org/] << 죽음

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범블비 - bumblebee (Nvidia Optimus)

윈도우에서는 옵티머스를 통해 Nvidia의 그래픽과 intel 내장형 HD3000/4000 등과 스위치가 가능한데
리눅스는 여전히 안될줄 알았더니
2011년 8월 4일 이후 범블비 프로젝트에 nvidia가 지원을 하면서 안되진 않는데
이건 되는것도 안되는것도 아니여 라는 껄쩍찌근한 반응을 보니..

[링크 : https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee]
[링크 : https://launchpad.net/~bumblebee]

[링크 : http://deviantcj.tistory.com/467]
[링크 : http://edoli.tistory.com/120]
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우분투 apt-get이 많이 느려진거 같은데..

korea 에서 Main으로 바꾸니 더욱 빨라진 기분..
(기분이라기 보다는 느낌? ㅋㅋㅋ
바꾸기 전에는 국내 서버에서 30kB/s 이렇게 날아오던던게 메가급으로 날아온다 -_-
어떻게 국내가 더 느려진겨?)

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ubuntu 12.04 lightgdm xrog.conf

비정상 실행시 /etx/X11/xorg.conf.failsafe 파일을 가지고 노는게 나을려나..

$ ll /etc/X11/

total 96

drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Jul 10 16:00 ./

drwxr-xr-x 127 root root 12288 Jul 10 15:56 ../

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Sep 9 2012 X -> /usr/bin/Xorg*

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 709 Apr 1 2010 Xreset*

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 14 07:09 Xreset.d/

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 14 07:09 Xresources/

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3730 Jan 20 2012 Xsession*

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 14 07:10 Xsession.d/

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 265 Jul 2 2008 Xsession.options

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 601 Feb 14 07:09 Xwrapper.config

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 14 07:10 app-defaults/

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 14 07:10 cursors/

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Feb 14 07:09 default-display-manager

drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Feb 14 07:09 fonts/

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17394 Dec 3 2009 rgb.txt

drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 14 07:10 xinit/

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 24 2012 xkb/

아래 경로로 옮겨진 10-monitor.conf를 생성해서 가지고 노는게 좋으려나?

$ ll /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/

total 36

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 14 07:09 ./

drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Feb 14 07:09 ../

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1099 Jan 19 21:39 10-evdev.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 590 Dec 8 2012 11-evdev-quirks.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 364 Dec 8 2012 11-evdev-trackpoint.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1593 Dec 8 2012 50-synaptics.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 115 Dec 8 2012 50-vmmouse.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 842 Dec 8 2012 50-wacom.conf

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 590 Dec 8 2012 51-synaptics-quirks.conf

아무튼

$ sudo service lightgdm stop
$ sudo X -configure

라고 입력하니 $HOME 에 xorg.conf.new 라고 빈내용의 설정파일이 생성된다.

$ cat xorg.conf.new

Section "ServerLayout"

Identifier "X.org Configured"

Screen 0 "Screen0" 0 0

Screen 1 "Screen1" RightOf "Screen0"

Screen 2 "Screen2" RightOf "Screen1"

Screen 3 "Screen3" RightOf "Screen2"

InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"

InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"

EndSection

Section "Files"

ModulePath "/usr/lib/xorg/modules"

FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc"

FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/cyrillic"

FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi/:unscaled"

FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi/:unscaled"

FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1"

FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/100dpi"

FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/X11/75dpi"

FontPath "/var/lib/defoma/x-ttcidfont-conf.d/dirs/TrueType"

FontPath "built-ins"

EndSection

Section "Module"

Load "glx"

EndSection

Section "InputDevice"

Identifier "Keyboard0"

Driver "kbd"

EndSection

Section "InputDevice"

Identifier "Mouse0"

Driver "mouse"

Option "Protocol" "auto"

Option "Device" "/dev/input/mice"

Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"

EndSection

Section "Monitor"

Identifier "Monitor0"

VendorName "Monitor Vendor"

ModelName "Monitor Model"

EndSection

Section "Monitor"

Identifier "Monitor1"

VendorName "Monitor Vendor"

ModelName "Monitor Model"

EndSection

Section "Monitor"

Identifier "Monitor2"

VendorName "Monitor Vendor"

ModelName "Monitor Model"

EndSection

Section "Monitor"

Identifier "Monitor3"

VendorName "Monitor Vendor"

ModelName "Monitor Model"

EndSection

Section "Device"

### Available Driver options are:-

### Values: : integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",

### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",

### <percent>: "<f>%"

### [arg]: arg optional

#Option "NoAccel" # [<bool>]

#Option "AccelMethod" # <str>

#Option "Backlight" # <str>

#Option "DRI" # [<bool>]

#Option "ColorKey" #

#Option "VideoKey" #

#Option "Tiling" # [<bool>]

#Option "LinearFramebuffer" # [<bool>]

#Option "SwapbuffersWait" # [<bool>]

#Option "XvPreferOverlay" # [<bool>]

#Option "HotPlug" # [<bool>]

#Option "RelaxedFencing" # [<bool>]

#Option "XvMC" # [<bool>]

#Option "Throttle" # [<bool>]

#Option "ZaphodHeads" # <str>

#Option "DelayedFlush" # [<bool>]

#Option "TearFree" # [<bool>]

#Option "PerCrtcPixmaps" # [<bool>]

#Option "FallbackDebug" # [<bool>]

#Option "DebugFlushBatches" # [<bool>]

#Option "DebugFlushCaches" # [<bool>]

#Option "DebugWait" # [<bool>]

#Option "BufferCache" # [<bool>]

#Option "TripleBuffer" # [<bool>]

Identifier "Card0"

Driver "intel"

BusID "PCI:0:2:0"

EndSection

Section "Device"

### Available Driver options are:-

### Values: : integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",

### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",

### <percent>: "<f>%"

### [arg]: arg optional

#Option "SWcursor" # [<bool>]

#Option "kmsdev" # <str>

#Option "ShadowFB" # [<bool>]

Identifier "Card1"

Driver "modesetting"

BusID "PCI:0:2:0"

EndSection

Section "Device"

### Available Driver options are:-

### Values: : integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",

### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",

### <percent>: "<f>%"

### [arg]: arg optional

#Option "ShadowFB" # [<bool>]

#Option "Rotate" # <str>

#Option "fbdev" # <str>

#Option "debug" # [<bool>]

Identifier "Card2"

Driver "fbdev"

BusID "PCI:0:2:0"

EndSection

Section "Device"

### Available Driver options are:-

### Values: : integer, <f>: float, <bool>: "True"/"False",

### <string>: "String", <freq>: "<f> Hz/kHz/MHz",

### <percent>: "<f>%"

### [arg]: arg optional

#Option "ShadowFB" # [<bool>]

#Option "DefaultRefresh" # [<bool>]

#Option "ModeSetClearScreen" # [<bool>]

Identifier "Card3"

Driver "vesa"

BusID "PCI:0:2:0"

EndSection

Section "Screen"

Identifier "Screen0"

Device "Card0"

Monitor "Monitor0"

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 1

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 4

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 8

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 15

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 16

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 24

EndSubSection

EndSection

Section "Screen"

Identifier "Screen1"

Device "Card1"

Monitor "Monitor1"

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 1

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 4

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 8

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 15

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 16

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 24

EndSubSection

EndSection

Section "Screen"

Identifier "Screen2"

Device "Card2"

Monitor "Monitor2"

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 1

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 4

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 8

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 15

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 16

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 24

EndSubSection

EndSection

Section "Screen"

Identifier "Screen3"

Device "Card3"

Monitor "Monitor3"

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 1

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 4

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 8

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 15

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 16

EndSubSection

SubSection "Display"

Viewport 0 0

Depth 24

EndSubSection

EndSection

xrandr 로 모니터 지원 해상도를 설정하면 된다는데 어떻게 설정을 해야 하려나..

$ xrandr

Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 768, maximum 8192 x 8192

VGA1 connected 1024x768+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 477mm x 268mm

1920x1080 60.0 +

1600x1200 65.0 60.0

1680x1050 60.0

1680x945 60.0

1400x1050 74.9 60.0

1600x900 60.0

1280x1024 75.0 60.0

1440x900 75.0 59.9

1280x960 60.0

1366x768 60.0

1360x768 60.0

1280x800 74.9 59.8

1152x864 75.0

1280x768 74.9 59.9

1024x768 75.0 70.1 60.0*

1024x576 60.0

800x600 72.2 75.0 60.3 56.2

848x480 60.0

640x480 75.0 72.8 60.0

HDMI1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)

Section "Monitor"

Identifier "Monitor0"

Modeline "1920x1080_60.00" 82.97 1000 1064 1168 1336 1000 1001 1004 1035 -HSync +Vsync

EndSection

Section "Screen"

Identifier "Screen0"

Device "HDMI-1"

Monitor "Monitor0"

DefaultDepth 24

SubSection "Display"

Depth 24

Modes "1920x1080_60.00" "1024x768"

EndSubSection

EndSection

[링크 : http://samuelmartin.wordpress.com/2012/05/29/enabling-resolutions-in-ubuntu-12-04-lubuntu-12-04/]
[링크 : http://ubuntu.or.kr/viewtopic.php?p=103635]

[링크 : http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/lucid/man5/xorg.conf.5.html]

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ubuntu에서 pptpd를 이용한 vpn 서비스

집에 아이피가 공유기를 사용하여 192.168.0.x대로 되어있고
PPTP를 NAT 사용하지 않고 안드로이드 폰으로 연결하는 경우에 대한 설정이다.

일단 서버 아이피는 192.168.0.199로 고정되어 있고
회선은 KT 이므로 DNS는 168.126.63.1 와 168.126.63.2 로 설정하였다.

pptp 사용시 암호는 username / password 이며
공유기에서는 1723 번 포트를 포워딩 해주어야 한다.

$ sudo apt-get install pptpd

$ sudo vi /etc/pptpd.conf

# (Recommended)

localip 192.168.0.199

remoteip 192.168.0.234-238,192.168.0.245

$ sudo vi /etc/ppp/pptpd-options

# Network and Routing

# If pppd is acting as a server for Microsoft Windows clients, this

# option allows pppd to supply one or two DNS (Domain Name Server)

# addresses to the clients. The first instance of this option

# specifies the primary DNS address; the second instance (if given)

# specifies the secondary DNS address.

# Attention! This information may not be taken into account by a Windows

# client. See KB311218 in Microsoft's knowledge base for more information.

#ms-dns 10.0.0.1

#ms-dns 10.0.0.2
ms-dns 168.126.63.1
ms-dns 168.126.63.2

$ sudo vi /etc/ppp/chap-secrets

# Secrets for authentication using CHAP

# client server secret IP addresses

username pptpd password *

혹시나 했지만.. packet forwarding이 설정되지 않으면 안된다.
NAT와는 별개로 포워딩은 켜줘야 PPTP로 전송이 됨.

$ sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf

# Uncomment the next line to enable packet forwarding for IPv4

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

$ sudo sysctl -p

[링크 : http://prettygom.com/entry/우분투에서-pptp-VPN-설정]

---
안드로이드에서 테스트
PPTP로 설정후

아이디 / 암호를 넣고

접속하면 끝!

상태바에도 올라간다!

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