구차니의 잡동사니 모음

/etc/inittab이 안되서 찾아보니

systemctl set-default 명령을 통해서 바꾸면 된다.

# systemctl get-default
graphical.target

# systemctl set-default multi-user.target
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.

# systemctl get-default
multi-user.target

# systemctl list-units -t target -a
  UNIT                      LOAD      ACTIVE   SUB    DESCRIPTION
  basic.target              loaded    active   active Basic System
  cryptsetup.target         loaded    active   active Local Encrypted Volumes
  emergency.target          loaded    inactive dead   Emergency Mode
  getty-pre.target          loaded    inactive dead   Login Prompts (Pre)
  getty.target              loaded    active   active Login Prompts
  graphical.target          loaded    inactive dead   Graphical Interface
  initrd-fs.target          loaded    inactive dead   Initrd File Systems
  initrd-root-device.target loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root Device
  initrd-root-fs.target     loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root File System
  initrd-switch-root.target loaded    inactive dead   Switch Root
  initrd.target             loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Default Target
  local-fs-pre.target       loaded    active   active Local File Systems (Pre)
  local-fs.target           loaded    active   active Local File Systems
  multi-user.target         loaded    active   active Multi-User System
  network-online.target     loaded    active   active Network is Online
  network-pre.target        loaded    active   active Network (Pre)
  network.target            loaded    active   active Network
  nfs-client.target         loaded    active   active NFS client services
  nss-lookup.target         loaded    inactive dead   Host and Network Name Lookups
  nss-user-lookup.target    loaded    active   active User and Group Name Lookups
  paths.target              loaded    active   active Paths
  remote-fs-pre.target      loaded    active   active Remote File Systems (Pre)
  remote-fs.target          loaded    active   active Remote File Systems
  rescue.target             loaded    inactive dead   Rescue Mode
  rpc_pipefs.target         loaded    active   active rpc_pipefs.target
  rpcbind.target            loaded    active   active RPC Port Mapper
  shutdown.target           loaded    inactive dead   Shutdown
  slices.target             loaded    active   active Slices
  sockets.target            loaded    active   active Sockets
  sound.target              loaded    active   active Sound Card
  sshd-keygen.target        loaded    active   active sshd-keygen.target
  swap.target               loaded    active   active Swap
  sysinit.target            loaded    active   active System Initialization
● syslog.target             not-found inactive dead   syslog.target
  time-sync.target          loaded    inactive dead   System Time Synchronized
  timers.target             loaded    active   active Timers
  umount.target             loaded    inactive dead   Unmount All Filesystems

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.

37 loaded units listed.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

[링크 : https://www.linuxfork.com/how-to-change-the-run-level-on-rhel-centos-7-8/]

+

아래는 안되는 왜 한지 모르겠는 뻘짓

--force를 주고도 한번에 안되서 여러번을 하고 나서야 되네..

stop 하고 나서 된건진 잘 모르겠다.

그리고 여전히 gui로 켜지는건 달라지지 않았다 ㅠㅠ

]# systemctl list-units -t target -a
  UNIT                      LOAD      ACTIVE   SUB    DESCRIPTION
  basic.target              loaded    active   active Basic System
  cryptsetup.target         loaded    active   active Local Encrypted Volumes
  emergency.target          loaded    inactive dead   Emergency Mode
  getty-pre.target          loaded    inactive dead   Login Prompts (Pre)
  getty.target              loaded    active   active Login Prompts
  graphical.target          loaded    active   active Graphical Interface
  initrd-fs.target          loaded    inactive dead   Initrd File Systems
  initrd-root-device.target loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root Device
  initrd-root-fs.target     loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root File System
  initrd-switch-root.target loaded    inactive dead   Switch Root
  initrd.target             loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Default Target
  local-fs-pre.target       loaded    active   active Local File Systems (Pre)
  local-fs.target           loaded    active   active Local File Systems
  multi-user.target         loaded    active   active Multi-User System
  network-online.target     loaded    active   active Network is Online
  network-pre.target        loaded    active   active Network (Pre)
  network.target            loaded    active   active Network
  nfs-client.target         loaded    active   active NFS client services
  nss-lookup.target         loaded    inactive dead   Host and Network Name Lookups
  nss-user-lookup.target    loaded    active   active User and Group Name Lookups
  paths.target              loaded    active   active Paths
  remote-fs-pre.target      loaded    active   active Remote File Systems (Pre)
  remote-fs.target          loaded    active   active Remote File Systems
  rescue.target             loaded    inactive dead   Rescue Mode
  rpc_pipefs.target         loaded    active   active rpc_pipefs.target
  rpcbind.target            loaded    active   active RPC Port Mapper
  shutdown.target           loaded    inactive dead   Shutdown
  slices.target             loaded    active   active Slices
  sockets.target            loaded    active   active Sockets
  sound.target              loaded    active   active Sound Card
  sshd-keygen.target        loaded    active   active sshd-keygen.target
  swap.target               loaded    active   active Swap
  sysinit.target            loaded    active   active System Initialization
● syslog.target             not-found inactive dead   syslog.target
  time-sync.target          loaded    inactive dead   System Time Synchronized
  timers.target             loaded    active   active Timers
  umount.target             loaded    inactive dead   Unmount All Filesystems

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.

37 loaded units listed.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.


# systemctl status graphical.target
● graphical.target - Graphical Interface
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target; indirect; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active since Mon 2020-12-14 00:20:24 EST; 7min ago
     Docs: man:systemd.special(7)

12월 14 00:20:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Reached target Graphical Interface.

# systemctl disable  graphical.target
Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.

# systemctl disable graphical.target --force

# systemctl status graphical.target
● graphical.target - Graphical Interface
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target; static; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2020-12-14 00:33:58 EST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:systemd.special(7)

12월 14 00:29:09 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Reached target Graphical Interface.
12월 14 00:33:58 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped target Graphical Interface.

]# systemctl list-units -t target -a
  UNIT                      LOAD      ACTIVE   SUB    DESCRIPTION
  basic.target              loaded    active   active Basic System
  cryptsetup.target         loaded    active   active Local Encrypted Volumes
  emergency.target          loaded    inactive dead   Emergency Mode
  getty-pre.target          loaded    inactive dead   Login Prompts (Pre)
  getty.target              loaded    active   active Login Prompts
  graphical.target          loaded    inactive dead   Graphical Interface
  initrd-fs.target          loaded    inactive dead   Initrd File Systems
  initrd-root-device.target loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root Device
  initrd-root-fs.target     loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root File System
  initrd-switch-root.target loaded    inactive dead   Switch Root
  initrd.target             loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Default Target
  local-fs-pre.target       loaded    active   active Local File Systems (Pre)
  local-fs.target           loaded    active   active Local File Systems
  multi-user.target         loaded    active   active Multi-User System
  network-online.target     loaded    active   active Network is Online
  network-pre.target        loaded    active   active Network (Pre)
  network.target            loaded    active   active Network
  nfs-client.target         loaded    active   active NFS client services
  nss-lookup.target         loaded    inactive dead   Host and Network Name Lookups
  nss-user-lookup.target    loaded    active   active User and Group Name Lookups
  paths.target              loaded    active   active Paths
  remote-fs-pre.target      loaded    active   active Remote File Systems (Pre)
  remote-fs.target          loaded    active   active Remote File Systems
  rescue.target             loaded    inactive dead   Rescue Mode
  rpc_pipefs.target         loaded    active   active rpc_pipefs.target
  rpcbind.target            loaded    active   active RPC Port Mapper
  shutdown.target           loaded    inactive dead   Shutdown
  slices.target             loaded    active   active Slices
  sockets.target            loaded    active   active Sockets
  sound.target              loaded    active   active Sound Card
  sshd-keygen.target        loaded    active   active sshd-keygen.target
  swap.target               loaded    active   active Swap
  sysinit.target            loaded    active   active System Initialization
● syslog.target             not-found inactive dead   syslog.target
  time-sync.target          loaded    inactive dead   System Time Synchronized
  timers.target             loaded    active   active Timers
  umount.target             loaded    inactive dead   Unmount All Filesystems

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.

37 loaded units listed.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

[링크 : https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-change-a-runlevel-on-rhel-7-linux-system]

centos8.2는 minimal로 설치해서 그런가 virbr0 가 안생기더니 풀버전으로 설치했더니 생기네.

libvirtd 데몬으로 인해서 생기는 녀석이라고 한다.

[링크 : https://fliedcat.tistory.com/167]

8.2-2004 에서는 minimal 버전이라 그랬나 10기가에서도 깔렸는데

8.3-2011 에서는 10GB 밖에 안되니 용량 늘려라고 진행 자체가 안된다

그런데 8.2 에서는 minimal이 있었는데

8.3 에서는 왜 minimal을 제공하지 않는 걸까?

+

virtual box 에서 centos8.3 설치하니 네트워크가 아노딘다.

virbr0가 잡히고 enp3s 어쩌구는 ip를 못받아온다. 멀까?

+

그래픽 컨트롤러가 원래 VMSVGA 였던가?

[링크 : https://qastack.kr/unix/57309/how-can-i-tell-whether-a-network-interface-is-physical-device-or-virtual-alia]

[링크 : https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/57309/]

+

[링크 : https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/391535/how-to-add-an-alternative-name-for-the-interface]

[링크 : https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/networking/dsa/dsa.txt]

[링크 : https://01.org/linuxgraphics/gfx-docs/drm/networking/dsa/dsa.html]

[링크 : https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v4.5/source/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/net/dsa/dsa.txt]

[링크 : https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/dsa/index.html]

+

[링크 : https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-vSphere/6.7/com.vmware.vsphere.networking.doc/GUID-B15C6A13-797E-4BCB-B9D9-5CBC5A60C3A6.html]

centos project가 centos Stream으로 집중하기로 결정(전환)

[링크 : https://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2020-December/048208.html]

redhat의 입장

[링크 : https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/centos-stream-building-innovative-future-enterprise-linux]

centos stream의 시작

[링크 : https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/transforming-development-experience-within-centos]

centos FAQ

[링크 : https://centos.org/distro-faq/]

-

간단하게 요약(?) 하자면

실험적 버전인 Fedora core

사용 서버 버전인 RHEL

RHEL의 GPL 소스 공개 빌드 버전인 Centos 가 있었는데

centos를 redhat/ibm에서

RHEL 이전의 단계로 흡수하면서 관리 하게 되어, RHEL 의 clone 으로서 centos는 사라진다는 의미가 되려나?

libsox-fmt-all을 설치하지 않으면 다음과 같이 mp3 파일을 인식하지 못한다.

[링크 : https://vitux.com/play-mp3-files-using-the-ubuntu-command-line/]

여러가지가 있어서 해봤지만 sox가 빠르고, 용량도 적고 한번 재생하고 종료되서 딱임

[링크 : https://linuxhint.com/play_mp3_files_commandline/]

[링크 : https://superuser.com/questions/276596/play-mp3-or-wav-file-via-the-linux-command-line]

[링크 : https://askubuntu.com/questions/115369/how-to-play-mp3-files-from-the-command-line]

파일들 중에 임의의 하나를 빼내는 명령어

[링크 : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/414164/how-can-i-select-random-files-from-a-directory-in-bash]

설정에서 한글 입력기를 추가로 설정을 해주어야 한다.

외산 노트북이라 한영키가 없다 보니 기본 설정으로는 안되고

오른쪽 alt 를 추가해주어도 한영 변환이나

오른쪽 ctrl로 한자 변환이 되지 않는다 -_ㅠ

ibus라 그런가.. 다른걸로 해봐야하나?

[링크 : https://velog.io/@yujo/Ubuntu-20.04한글-입력기-설치-설정하기]

복수개의 target에 ssh로 접속해서 동일한 명령어로 실행하는 유틸리티

[링크 : https://linux.die.net/man/1/pdsh]

[링크 : https://qastack.kr/server/2533/linux-running-the-same-command-on-many-machines-at-once]