구차니의 잡동사니 모음

/etc/inittab이 안되서 찾아보니

systemctl set-default 명령을 통해서 바꾸면 된다.

# systemctl get-default
graphical.target

# systemctl set-default multi-user.target
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target → /usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target.

# systemctl get-default
multi-user.target

# systemctl list-units -t target -a
  UNIT                      LOAD      ACTIVE   SUB    DESCRIPTION
  basic.target              loaded    active   active Basic System
  cryptsetup.target         loaded    active   active Local Encrypted Volumes
  emergency.target          loaded    inactive dead   Emergency Mode
  getty-pre.target          loaded    inactive dead   Login Prompts (Pre)
  getty.target              loaded    active   active Login Prompts
  graphical.target          loaded    inactive dead   Graphical Interface
  initrd-fs.target          loaded    inactive dead   Initrd File Systems
  initrd-root-device.target loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root Device
  initrd-root-fs.target     loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root File System
  initrd-switch-root.target loaded    inactive dead   Switch Root
  initrd.target             loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Default Target
  local-fs-pre.target       loaded    active   active Local File Systems (Pre)
  local-fs.target           loaded    active   active Local File Systems
  multi-user.target         loaded    active   active Multi-User System
  network-online.target     loaded    active   active Network is Online
  network-pre.target        loaded    active   active Network (Pre)
  network.target            loaded    active   active Network
  nfs-client.target         loaded    active   active NFS client services
  nss-lookup.target         loaded    inactive dead   Host and Network Name Lookups
  nss-user-lookup.target    loaded    active   active User and Group Name Lookups
  paths.target              loaded    active   active Paths
  remote-fs-pre.target      loaded    active   active Remote File Systems (Pre)
  remote-fs.target          loaded    active   active Remote File Systems
  rescue.target             loaded    inactive dead   Rescue Mode
  rpc_pipefs.target         loaded    active   active rpc_pipefs.target
  rpcbind.target            loaded    active   active RPC Port Mapper
  shutdown.target           loaded    inactive dead   Shutdown
  slices.target             loaded    active   active Slices
  sockets.target            loaded    active   active Sockets
  sound.target              loaded    active   active Sound Card
  sshd-keygen.target        loaded    active   active sshd-keygen.target
  swap.target               loaded    active   active Swap
  sysinit.target            loaded    active   active System Initialization
● syslog.target             not-found inactive dead   syslog.target
  time-sync.target          loaded    inactive dead   System Time Synchronized
  timers.target             loaded    active   active Timers
  umount.target             loaded    inactive dead   Unmount All Filesystems

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.

37 loaded units listed.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

[링크 : https://www.linuxfork.com/how-to-change-the-run-level-on-rhel-centos-7-8/]

+

아래는 안되는 왜 한지 모르겠는 뻘짓

--force를 주고도 한번에 안되서 여러번을 하고 나서야 되네..

stop 하고 나서 된건진 잘 모르겠다.

그리고 여전히 gui로 켜지는건 달라지지 않았다 ㅠㅠ

]# systemctl list-units -t target -a
  UNIT                      LOAD      ACTIVE   SUB    DESCRIPTION
  basic.target              loaded    active   active Basic System
  cryptsetup.target         loaded    active   active Local Encrypted Volumes
  emergency.target          loaded    inactive dead   Emergency Mode
  getty-pre.target          loaded    inactive dead   Login Prompts (Pre)
  getty.target              loaded    active   active Login Prompts
  graphical.target          loaded    active   active Graphical Interface
  initrd-fs.target          loaded    inactive dead   Initrd File Systems
  initrd-root-device.target loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root Device
  initrd-root-fs.target     loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root File System
  initrd-switch-root.target loaded    inactive dead   Switch Root
  initrd.target             loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Default Target
  local-fs-pre.target       loaded    active   active Local File Systems (Pre)
  local-fs.target           loaded    active   active Local File Systems
  multi-user.target         loaded    active   active Multi-User System
  network-online.target     loaded    active   active Network is Online
  network-pre.target        loaded    active   active Network (Pre)
  network.target            loaded    active   active Network
  nfs-client.target         loaded    active   active NFS client services
  nss-lookup.target         loaded    inactive dead   Host and Network Name Lookups
  nss-user-lookup.target    loaded    active   active User and Group Name Lookups
  paths.target              loaded    active   active Paths
  remote-fs-pre.target      loaded    active   active Remote File Systems (Pre)
  remote-fs.target          loaded    active   active Remote File Systems
  rescue.target             loaded    inactive dead   Rescue Mode
  rpc_pipefs.target         loaded    active   active rpc_pipefs.target
  rpcbind.target            loaded    active   active RPC Port Mapper
  shutdown.target           loaded    inactive dead   Shutdown
  slices.target             loaded    active   active Slices
  sockets.target            loaded    active   active Sockets
  sound.target              loaded    active   active Sound Card
  sshd-keygen.target        loaded    active   active sshd-keygen.target
  swap.target               loaded    active   active Swap
  sysinit.target            loaded    active   active System Initialization
● syslog.target             not-found inactive dead   syslog.target
  time-sync.target          loaded    inactive dead   System Time Synchronized
  timers.target             loaded    active   active Timers
  umount.target             loaded    inactive dead   Unmount All Filesystems

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.

37 loaded units listed.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.


# systemctl status graphical.target
● graphical.target - Graphical Interface
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target; indirect; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active since Mon 2020-12-14 00:20:24 EST; 7min ago
     Docs: man:systemd.special(7)

12월 14 00:20:24 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Reached target Graphical Interface.

# systemctl disable  graphical.target
Removed /etc/systemd/system/default.target.

# systemctl disable graphical.target --force

# systemctl status graphical.target
● graphical.target - Graphical Interface
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target; static; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Mon 2020-12-14 00:33:58 EST; 8s ago
     Docs: man:systemd.special(7)

12월 14 00:29:09 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Reached target Graphical Interface.
12월 14 00:33:58 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Stopped target Graphical Interface.

]# systemctl list-units -t target -a
  UNIT                      LOAD      ACTIVE   SUB    DESCRIPTION
  basic.target              loaded    active   active Basic System
  cryptsetup.target         loaded    active   active Local Encrypted Volumes
  emergency.target          loaded    inactive dead   Emergency Mode
  getty-pre.target          loaded    inactive dead   Login Prompts (Pre)
  getty.target              loaded    active   active Login Prompts
  graphical.target          loaded    inactive dead   Graphical Interface
  initrd-fs.target          loaded    inactive dead   Initrd File Systems
  initrd-root-device.target loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root Device
  initrd-root-fs.target     loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Root File System
  initrd-switch-root.target loaded    inactive dead   Switch Root
  initrd.target             loaded    inactive dead   Initrd Default Target
  local-fs-pre.target       loaded    active   active Local File Systems (Pre)
  local-fs.target           loaded    active   active Local File Systems
  multi-user.target         loaded    active   active Multi-User System
  network-online.target     loaded    active   active Network is Online
  network-pre.target        loaded    active   active Network (Pre)
  network.target            loaded    active   active Network
  nfs-client.target         loaded    active   active NFS client services
  nss-lookup.target         loaded    inactive dead   Host and Network Name Lookups
  nss-user-lookup.target    loaded    active   active User and Group Name Lookups
  paths.target              loaded    active   active Paths
  remote-fs-pre.target      loaded    active   active Remote File Systems (Pre)
  remote-fs.target          loaded    active   active Remote File Systems
  rescue.target             loaded    inactive dead   Rescue Mode
  rpc_pipefs.target         loaded    active   active rpc_pipefs.target
  rpcbind.target            loaded    active   active RPC Port Mapper
  shutdown.target           loaded    inactive dead   Shutdown
  slices.target             loaded    active   active Slices
  sockets.target            loaded    active   active Sockets
  sound.target              loaded    active   active Sound Card
  sshd-keygen.target        loaded    active   active sshd-keygen.target
  swap.target               loaded    active   active Swap
  sysinit.target            loaded    active   active System Initialization
● syslog.target             not-found inactive dead   syslog.target
  time-sync.target          loaded    inactive dead   System Time Synchronized
  timers.target             loaded    active   active Timers
  umount.target             loaded    inactive dead   Unmount All Filesystems

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.

37 loaded units listed.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

[링크 : https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-change-a-runlevel-on-rhel-7-linux-system]

centos8.2는 minimal로 설치해서 그런가 virbr0 가 안생기더니 풀버전으로 설치했더니 생기네.

libvirtd 데몬으로 인해서 생기는 녀석이라고 한다.

[링크 : https://fliedcat.tistory.com/167]

8.2-2004 에서는 minimal 버전이라 그랬나 10기가에서도 깔렸는데

8.3-2011 에서는 10GB 밖에 안되니 용량 늘려라고 진행 자체가 안된다

그런데 8.2 에서는 minimal이 있었는데

8.3 에서는 왜 minimal을 제공하지 않는 걸까?

+

virtual box 에서 centos8.3 설치하니 네트워크가 아노딘다.

virbr0가 잡히고 enp3s 어쩌구는 ip를 못받아온다. 멀까?

+

그래픽 컨트롤러가 원래 VMSVGA 였던가?

centos project가 centos Stream으로 집중하기로 결정(전환)

[링크 : https://lists.centos.org/pipermail/centos-announce/2020-December/048208.html]

redhat의 입장

[링크 : https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/centos-stream-building-innovative-future-enterprise-linux]

centos stream의 시작

[링크 : https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/transforming-development-experience-within-centos]

centos FAQ

[링크 : https://centos.org/distro-faq/]

-

간단하게 요약(?) 하자면

실험적 버전인 Fedora core

사용 서버 버전인 RHEL

RHEL의 GPL 소스 공개 빌드 버전인 Centos 가 있었는데

centos를 redhat/ibm에서

RHEL 이전의 단계로 흡수하면서 관리 하게 되어, RHEL 의 clone 으로서 centos는 사라진다는 의미가 되려나?

minimal 버전으로 설치하긴 했는데 네트워크 넘겼는지 기억이 나지 않는다 -_ㅠ

virtual box에서 NAT로 설정하고 설치를 했는데 네트워크가 잡히지 않아서 확인해보니

nmcli유틸을 이용해서 네트워크를 올려주어야 한다.

$ sudo nmcli connection down enp1s0 && sudo nmcli connection up enp1s0

[링크 : https://linuxconfig.org/rhel-8-configure-static-ip-address]

위에대로 하면 1회성에 한해 네트워크 설정이 잡히는데

다시 설정 파일을 보니 ONBOOT=no로 되어있었다.

[링크 : https://www.lesstif.com/system-admin/centos-network-centos-static-ip-13631535.html]

아니 이런건 기본값이 yes로 해달란 말이야.. ㅠㅠ

언제나 그렇듯 selinux는 만악의 근원이구만?

80번 포트가 아닌 다른 포트를 쓰려고 할때 httpd 데몬이 실행안되는 경우

(아래는 5000번 포트를 웹 서버로 쓰려고 할 경우)

[링크 : http://egloos.zum.com/dochi575/v/4867779]

[링크 : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17079670/]

php 페이지가 열리지 않을 경우

[링크 : https://blog.lysender.com/2015/07/centos-7-selinux-php-apache-cannot-writeaccess-file-no-matter-what/]