Programming/C Win32 MFC2009. 7. 27. 15:46
NAME
       strtol, strtoll, strtoq - convert a string to a long integer

SYNOPSIS
       #include <stdlib.h>

       long int
       strtol(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

       long long int
       strtoll(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);

DESCRIPTION
       The  strtol()  function  converts the initial part of the string in nptr to a long integer value according to the
       given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.

       The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by isspace(3)) followed by  a  single
       optional  ‘+’ or ‘-’ sign.  If base is zero or 16, the string may then include a ‘0x’ prefix, and the number will
       be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is  ‘0’,  in  which
       case it is taken as 8 (octal).

       The remainder of the string is converted to a long int value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first charac-
       ter which is not a valid digit in the given base.  (In bases above 10, the letter ‘A’ in either  upper  or  lower
       case represents 10, ‘B’ represents 11, and so forth, with ‘Z’ representing 35.)

       If  endptr  is not NULL, strtol() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr.  If there were no
       digits at all, strtol() stores the original value of nptr in *endptr (and returns 0).  In particular, if *nptr is
       not ‘\0’ but **endptr is ‘\0’ on return, the entire string is valid.

       The strtoll() function works just like the strtol() function but returns a long long integer value.

RETURN VALUE
       The  strtol() function returns the result of the conversion, unless the value would underflow or overflow.  If an
       underflow occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MIN.  If an overflow occurs, strtol() returns LONG_MAX.  In  both  cases,
       errno is set to ERANGE.  Precisely the same holds for strtoll() (with LLONG_MIN and LLONG_MAX instead of LONG_MIN
       and LONG_MAX).

EXAMPLE
       The  program  shown  below  demonstrates the use of strtol().  The first command line argument specifies a string
       from which strtol() should parse a number.  The second (optional) argument specifies the base to be used for  the
       conversion.   (This argument is converted to numeric form using atoi(3), a function that performs no error check-
       ing and has a simpler interface than strtol().)  Some examples of the results produced by this  program  are  the
       following:

         $ ./a.out 123
         strtol() returned 123
         $ ./a.out ’    123’
         strtol() returned 123
         $ ./a.out 123abc
         strtol() returned 123
         Further characters after number: abc
         $ ./a.out 123abc 55
         strtol: Invalid argument
         $ ./a.out ’’
         No digits were found
         $ ./a.out 4000000000
         strtol: Numerical result out of range


#include "stdlib.h"
#include "limits.h"
#include "stdio.h"
#include "errno.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int base; char *endptr, *str; long val;
if (argc < 2) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s str [base]\n", argv[0]); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
str = argv[1]; base = (argc > 2) ? atoi(argv[2]) : 10;
errno = 0; /* To distinguish success/failure after call */ val = strtol(str, &endptr, base);
/* Check for various possible errors */
if ((errno == ERANGE && (val == LONG_MAX || val == LONG_MIN)) || (errno != 0 && val == 0)) { perror("strtol"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
if (endptr == str) { fprintf(stderr, "No digits were found\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }
/* If we got here, strtol() successfully parsed a number */
printf("strtol() returned %ld\n", val);
if (*endptr != ’\0’) /* Not necessarily an error... */ printf("Further characters after number: %s\n", endptr);

exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }



atoi 보다 막강한 함수라고 한다.

[링크 : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strtol]
[링크 : http://linux.die.net/man/3/strtol]
Posted by 구차니